纳米金属氧化物在化学战剂洗消方面的研究进展  

Research Progress of Nano Metal Oxides in Decontamination of Chemical Warfare Agents

作　　者：郭玥婷 雷美玲[1] 陈文明[1] 辛毅[1] 许文彩[1] 闵崎[1] 陈立坤[1] 吴遥 孔令策[1] 左言军[1] GUO Yueting;LEI Meiling;CHEN Wenming;XIN Yi;XU Wencai;MIN Qi;CHEN Likun;WU Yao;KONG Lingce;ZUO Yanjun(National Key Laboratory of Nuclear and Biochemical Disaster Prevention,Beijing 102205,China)

机构地区：[1]防化研究院国民核生化灾害防护国家重点实验室,北京102205

出　　处：《材料导报》2022年第11期67-76,共10页Materials Reports

基　　金：国民核生化灾害防护国家重点实验室基金项目(SKLNBC2018-08)。

摘　　要：化学战剂(CWAs)(如芥子气(HD)、梭曼(GD)、沙林(GB)和维埃克斯(VX)等)是指用于战争、具有剧烈毒性、能大规模地毒害或杀伤人畜和植物的各种化学物质。其对人员的伤害不可估量,因此对具有快速、广谱消毒能力的洗消剂的研究是近年来研究的热点之一。纳米金属氧化物在化学毒剂、含磷农药、污水处理等方面表现出优异性能。纳米金属氧化物能够对化学战剂进行吸附和反应降解,尤其复合型纳米金属氧化物,其表面积更大,能够提供更多的活性位点,但存在易团聚、样品含水量对降解效果影响大等问题。本文针对纳米金属氧化物的制备方法对化学战剂及其模拟剂的消毒动力学、消毒能力、反应机理等方面进行了概述,提出消毒效果及机理方面的研究可能是解决广谱消毒问题的关键。开发和制备复合型纳米金属氧化物,以实现对三种毒剂的高效广谱消毒,将会是未来重要的研究方向之一。Chemical warfare agents(CWAs), such as sulfur mustard(HD), Soman(GD), Sarin(GB) and VX, are chemical substances used for war purposes that are highly toxic and capable of poisoning or killing humans, animals and plants on a large scale. They do immeasurable harm to humans, and thus the research on decontamination agents with fast and broad spectrum is one of the hotspots in recent years. Nano-metal oxi-des have shown excellent performance in CWAs, phosphorus pesticides, sewage treatment and other fields. Nano-metal oxides can adsorb and react with CWAs, especially the composite metal oxides. They have larger surface area and can provide more active sites. However, some problems need to be solved, such as easy agglomeration and large influence of sample moisture content. This paper summarizes the preparation methods, decontamination kinetics, decontamination ability and reaction mechanism of nano-metal oxides for CWAs and their simulators. It is suggested that the study of decontamination effect and mechanism may be the key to solving the problem of broad-spectrum decontamination. It should be one of the important research directions in the future to develop and prepare composite metal oxides for the high efficiency and wide spectrum decontamination of the three agents.

关 键 词：纳米金属氧化物 复合材料 化学战剂 洗消 机理 

分 类 号：O62[理学—有机化学]