乌梁素海东侧明安沙地植被类型及其分布  

Study on Vegetation Distribution in Ming’an Sandy Land on the East Side of Wuliangsuhai Lake

作　　者：苗百岭 贾成朕 裴浩[1,5] 任楠 Miao Bailing;Jia Chengzhen;Pei Hao;Ren Nan(Inner Mongolia Desert Ecological Meteorological Center,Inner Mongolia Hohhot 010051;Inner Mongolia Meteorological Institute,Inner Mongolia Hohhot 010051;Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Weather Modification,Inner Mongolia Hohhot 010051;Ecological and Agricultural Meteorological Center of Inner Mongolia,Inner Mongolia Hohhot 010051;Inner Mongolia Meteorological Bureau,Inner Mongolia Hohhot 010051;Bayan Nur Meteorological Bureau,Inner Mongolia Bayan Nur 015000)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古荒漠生态气象中心,内蒙古呼和浩特010051 [2]内蒙古气象科学研究所,内蒙古呼和浩特010051 [3]内蒙古人工影响天气重点实验室,内蒙古呼和浩特010051 [4]内蒙古生态与农业气象中心,内蒙古呼和浩特010051 [5]内蒙古气象局,内蒙古呼和浩特010051 [6]巴彦淖尔市气象局,内蒙古巴彦淖尔015000

出　　处：《内蒙古气象》2021年第5期27-33,共7页Meteorology Journal of Inner Mongolia

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2016YFC0500503);国家自然科学基金资助项目(31960261);内蒙古自然科学基金资助项目(2019MS03028)。

摘　　要：明安沙地位于河套平原乌梁素海东侧,是由河湖沉积及来自两侧山地的风化冲积物吹扬堆积形成的,目前关于明安沙地的研究较少。文章将卫星遥感技术与实地考察相结合分析明安沙地的植被类型及其分布特征,结论如下:(1)该区维管植物共有28科、87属、132种。其中,菊科、禾本科、豆科和藜科等4科较多;多年生杂类草、一二年生植物、半灌木和多年生丛生禾草等4个生活型功能群比例较多。(2)明安沙地的植被类型主要有流动沙地先锋植物群落、半固定沙地半灌木蒿类植被、固定沙地灌丛植被、固定沙地盐化草甸植被、固定沙地荒漠草原植被和其他人工植被等,其中,柠条锦鸡儿群落分布面积最大,占明安沙地总面积的30.82%。(3)明安沙地植被呈明显的东西向和南北向分异规律。自西向东分别发育了固定沙地小果白刺群落、柠条锦鸡儿群落、盐化草甸植被→半固定沙地黑沙蒿群落→流动沙地先锋植物群落→固定沙地柠条锦鸡儿群落和小针茅荒漠草原植被。南北向形成了小针茅荒漠草原—沙地植被—人工植被的替代分布。本论文的研究结果可以为明安沙地的生态治理以及乌梁素海周边生态环境的改善提供科学参考。The Ming’an sandy land is located on the east side of the Wuliangsuhai Lake in the Hetao Plain.It is deposited by rivers and lakes,and is accumulated by weathered alluvial material from the mountains on both sides.There are currently few studies on Ming’an sandy land.This paper analyzes the vegetation types and distribution characteristics of Ming’an sandy land using satellite remote sensing technology and field survey methods.The following conclusions were obtained initially:(1)There are 28 families,87 genera and 132 species of wild vascular plants in Ming’an Sandy Land.In terms of the number of families,the four families of Asteraceae,Poaceae,Fabaceae and Chenopodiaceae have the most species.Among the composition of life forms,the four functional groups of perennial forbs,Annuals and biennials,semi-shrubs,and perennial bunchgrasses are the largest.(2)The vegetation types of Ming’an sandy land are mainly composed of shifting sand dunes pioneer plant communities,semi-fixed sand dunes semi-shrub Artemisia vegetation,fixed sand dunes shrub vegetation,fixed sand dunes saline meadow vegetation,fixed sand dunes desert steppe vegetation and other artificial vegetation.Among the various community types,Caragana korshinskii has the largest distribution area,accounting for 30.82%of the total area of the Ming’an sandy land.(3)The vegetation of Ming’an sandy land has obvious differentiation rules.From the west to the east,Nitraria sibirica communities,Caragana korshinskii communities,Achnatherum splendens saline meadow vegetation,Kalidium cuspidatum saline meadow vegetation,Artemisia ordosica community,Pioneer plant community,and desert steppe were developed.From south to north,alternative distributions of desert steppe,sandy vegetation,and artificial vegetation have formed.The research results of this paper can provide scientific reference for ecological management of Ming’an sandy land and improvement of ecological environment around Wuliangsuhai Lake.

关 键 词：乌梁素海 明安沙地 植被类型 植被空间分布 

分 类 号：Q948[生物学—植物学]