使用武装无人机打击境外恐怖分子的合法性论争——基于美国境外“反恐”的法理解析  

Debate on the Legitimacy of Using Armed Unmanned Aerial Vehicle to Attack Overseas Terrorists

作　　者：高荣林[1] 付超[2] Gao Ronglin;Fu Chao(Hubei University of Police,Wuhan 430034,China;Hubei Provincial Public Security Department,Wuhan 430064,China)

机构地区：[1]湖北警官学院法律系,湖北武汉430034 [2]湖北省公安厅,湖北武汉430064

出　　处：《湖北警官学院学报》2022年第3期58-72,共15页Journal of Hubei University of Police

基　　金：2020年度湖北省教育厅哲学社会科学研究一般项目:“使用武装无人机在国外打击恐怖分子的合法性(20Y149)”阶段性成果。

摘　　要：9·11事件后,美国政府开始在一些国家和地区使用武装无人机对恐怖分子实施“定点清除”。相关行动造成了大量无辜平民伤亡,引起美国国内和国际社会的强烈谴责。美国政府极力为自己的行为辩解,认为武装无人机能够以最小代价有效打击恐怖分子,保卫国土安全。有学者认为,美国政府的武装无人机“反恐”涉及在境外使用武力,未经国会批准,涉嫌违反美国宪法;在境外打击恐怖分子如果没有获得受害国的同意,则涉嫌侵犯他国主权;在境外使用武装无人机的“反恐”行动已经造成了成千上万的平民伤亡,违反了国际法,等等。对美国政府在境外使用武装无人机打击恐怖分子的合法性进行法理解析,可为我国政府使用武装无人机打击恐怖活动提供有益启示。Since the September 11 Incident,the US government began to use armed unmanned aerial vehicle to"targeted elimination"of terrorists in some countries and regions.The relevant actions have caused a large number of innocent civilian casualties,it has aroused strong condemnations from the US domestic opinions and the international community.The US government vigorously defends its actions,it believes that armed unmanned aerial vehicle can effectively attack terrorists and protect homeland security at the lowest cost.Some scholars believe that:Firstly,the US government’s armed unmanned aerial vehicle"anti-terrorism"which involves the use of force abroad,it was not approved by Congress,and suspected of violating the US Constitution.Secondly,attacking overseas terrorists without the consent of injured countries,which is suspected of violating national sovereignty of other countries.Thirdly,the"anti-terrorism"operations of using armed unmanned aerial vehicle to attack overseas terrorists,which caused the thousands of civilian casualties,it violated the international law and so on.The jurisprudential analysis on the legitimacy of the US government’s using of armed unmanned aerial vehicle to attack overseas terrorists,which can provide useful enlightenment for the Chinese government’s using of armed unmanned aerial vehicle to attack terrorist activities.

关 键 词：武装无人机 定点清除 恐怖分子 特征打击 国际法 紧急追捕 抗辩事由 

分 类 号：D631[政治法律—政治学]