基于AHP和GIS技术的湖南怀化地区岩溶塌陷易发性评价  

Evaluation of karst collapse susceptibility in Huaihua area,Hunan Province based on AHP and GIS

作　　者：吴远斌 刘之葵[1] 殷仁朝[2] 雷明堂 戴建玲[2] 罗伟权[2] 潘宗源[1,2] WU Yuanbin;LIU Zhikui;YIN Renchao;LEI Mingtang;DAI Jianling;LUO Weiquan;PAN Zongyuan(College of Civil Engineering and Architecture,Guilin University of Technology,Guilin,Guangxi 541004,China;Institute of Karst Geology,CAGS/Key Laboratory of Karst Dynamic,MNR&GZAR/Key Laboratory of Karst Collapse Prevention,CGS,Guilin,Guangxi 541004,China)

机构地区：[1]桂林理工大学土木与建筑工程学院,广西桂林541004 [2]中国地质科学院岩溶地质研究所/自然资源部、广西岩溶动力学重点实验室/中国地质调查局岩溶塌陷防治重点实验室,广西桂林541004

出　　处：《中国岩溶》2022年第1期21-33,共13页Carsologica Sinica

基　　金：中国地质调查项目(DD20190266,DD20160254);国家自然科学基金项目(41867039,42077273,41877300);中国地质科学院岩溶地质研究所基本科研业务费项目(2020016,2015017,2020002);广西自然科学基金资助项目(2018GXNSFAA294020)。

摘　　要：湖南省怀化市为新兴区域交通枢纽城市,在近年来的大量工程活动影响下,城区发生多起岩溶塌陷灾害,对当地人民群众生命财产安全和城市发展造成较大威胁。依托岩溶塌陷专项地质调查成果,选择岩溶发育程度、到断层的距离、土层结构、土层厚度、岩溶水位波动幅度、岩溶水位与基岩面关系、地下水开采强度、岩溶塌陷密度8个因素作为评价因子,运用层次分析法建立岩溶塌陷易发性多因素判别模型,并系统研究各因素对岩溶塌陷形成的影响作用,确定各因素权重赋值。在此基础上,运用地理信息系统(GIS)技术,对怀化地区进行岩溶塌陷易发性评价,结果显示:怀化地区岩溶塌陷高、中易发区面积分别为107.48km^(2)、157.13km^(2),分别占易发区总面积的34.7%、50.7%;区内穿越岩溶塌陷高易发区、中易发区的各类交通线路长度分别为16.4km、88.9km,占穿越易发区总线路长度的12.9%和69.9%,受岩溶塌陷地质灾害威胁较大。The scope of this study area mainly involves Hecheng district,Chengdong new district,Hexi district,Zhongfang county from Huaihua city,a regional transportation hub in Hunan Province,with a total area of about 1,122 km2.This city borders 1 municipality,Chongqing,and 2 provinces,1 autonomous region Hubei,Guizhou and Guangxi.The study area has a humid subtropical monsoon climate with mild climate and abundant rainfall.The average rainfall is 1,326.3 mm over the years,and the maximum rainfall is 1,663 mm.April to August is the rainy season,with the largest precipitation accounting for more than 70%of the average precipitation over years.The geomorphic type is the low hill and open valley with tectonic dissolution.Located in the southeast margin of the Yangtze block and on the contact zone of two structural units-Yuanma basin and Xuefeng thrust belt,the geo⁃logical structure conditions in the study area are complex,with densely developed faults and karst.The soil layer structure in the area is mainly divided into single-layer structure and double-layer structure,respectively which are distributed in the dissolution valley and on both banks of the river in the valley.The groundwater in the karst area is mainly fissure water from carbonatite karst cave,which is recharged by atmospheric rainfall and the outer edge water from the surrounding mountain area with clastic rocks.In recent years,with the acceleration of urbanization and under the influence of a large number of engineering activities,49 karst collapses(collapse groups)and 111 karst collapse pits have occurred in the area,posing a great threat to people’s lives and property,and urban development.Therefore,it is necessary to carry out the suscepti⁃bility evaluation and zoning of karst collapse in Huaihua city,so as to provide geological basis for urban develop⁃ment,and disasters prevention and reduction of engineering construction.In view of the characteristics of covertness and suddenness of karst collapse,comprehensive technical means such as evaluation

关 键 词：层次分析法 GIS 怀化地区 岩溶塌陷 易发性评价 

分 类 号：P208[天文地球—地图制图学与地理信息工程] P642.25[天文地球—测绘科学与技术]