基于地理探测器与层次分析法的岩溶地面塌陷易发性评价——以重庆中梁山地区为例  

Evaluation of susceptibility to karst collapse based on the geodetector and analytic hierarchy method:An example of the Zhongliangshan area in Chongqing

作　　者：王桂林[1,2] 强壮 曹聪 陈瑶 郝晋渝 WANG Guilin;QIANG Zhuang;CAO Cong;CHEN Yao;HAO Jinyu(School of Civil Engineering,Chongqing University,Chongqing 400045,China;National Joint Engineering Research Center of Geohazards Prevention in the Reservoir Areas,Chongqing 400045,China;Nanjiang Hydrogeological&Engineering Geology Brigade,Chongqing Bureau of Geology and Minerals Exploration,Chongqing 401121,China)

机构地区：[1]重庆大学土木工程学院,重庆400045 [2]库区环境地质灾害防治国家地方联合工程研究中心(重庆),重庆400045 [3]重庆市地质勘查开发局南江水文地质工程地质队,重庆401121

出　　处：《中国岩溶》2022年第1期79-87,共9页Carsologica Sinica

基　　金：重庆市技术创新与应用发展专项面上项目(cstc2019jscx-msxmX0303);重庆市规划与自然资源局科技项目(KJ2019047);国家重点研发计划课题(2018YFC1505501)。

摘　　要：岩溶地面塌陷作为我国西南地区主要地质灾害类型之一,已成为影响该地区经济发展的重要因素,建立符合地区特征的岩溶地面塌陷易发性评价模型,可为塌陷的防治提供指导。文章以重庆市中梁山地区为研究区,以327个塌陷点为样本,基于GIS技术和地理探测器方法,对研究区三组样本点进行因子探测,定量化筛选出影响较大的评价因子,并采用层次分析法对岩溶地面塌陷易发性做出评价。结果显示:随着样本点数量变化,影响因子的解释度q值排序存在差异,然而三组数据中,各因子对岩溶塌陷的贡献大小排序始终是地层类型、地层富水性、距隧道距离、高程和坡度;基于地理探测器—层次分析法相结合的岩溶塌陷易发性评价结果预测精度达89.88%,高易发区主要在岩溶槽谷区嘉陵江组和大冶组地层分布地段。Karst collapse is a process in which the surface collapses suddenly under the action of various factors in the karst distribution area.As one of the main types of geological disasters in Southwest China,karst collapse mainly damages roads,railways,buildings and surface water,influences the use of agricultural water and land,and causes casualties and property losses.Due to its covertness,suddenness and uncertainty,karst collapse has be⁃come an important factor affecting the regional economic development.Therefore,establishing an evaluation mod⁃el of karst collapse susceptibility that conforms to regional characteristics is of great significance for local the plan⁃ning of land use and collapse prevention.This research takes the Zhongliangshan area of Chongqing as the study area,and samples 327 collapse points from the field investigation.Based on the factors that may induce the karst collapse,13 potential impact factors of 6 classes for karst collapse have been preliminarily determined,namely,the topography(elevation,slope,slope direction,surface curvature,section curvature,slope position,and surface roughness),the geological structure(distance from fault),strata,hydrogeology conditions(formation rich in water,and terrain humidity index),hu⁃man engineering activities(distance from tunnel),overburden characteristics(soil thickness)and so on,and a geospatial database of the study area has been established by using GIS to process the original data.Given the influ⁃ence of the sample number in non-collapse points on the selection of impact factors,this study uses three groups of number ratios in different collapse points to analyze the explanatory power(q-statistic in Geodetector)of each fac⁃tor in the karst collapse area.In order to avoid the fact that the establishment of the pair comparison matrix in the analytic hierarchy process is too tedious and inefficient,resulting from the excessive impact factors,the factor de⁃tection has been carried out in three groups of sample points in the study area,and th

关 键 词：岩溶塌陷 易发性 地理探测器 层次分析法 

分 类 号：P642.2[天文地球—工程地质学]