人工湿地中几种常见水生植物氨氮耐受性试验研究  

Experimental study on ammonia nitrogen tolerance of several common aquatic plants in constructed wetlands

作　　者：朱士江[1,3] 李凯凯 徐文 向鹏 廖再毅[1,2] 贵树彪[1] ZHU Shijiang;LI Kaikai;XU Wen;XIANG Peng;LIAO Zaiyi;GUI Shubiao(College of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering,China Three Gorges University,Yichang 443002,China;Department of Architectural Science,Ryerson University,Toronto M5B 2K3,Canada;Engineering Research Center of Eco-environment in Three Gorges Reservoir Region of Ministry of Education,Yichang 443002,China)

机构地区：[1]三峡大学水利与环境学院,湖北宜昌443002 [2]瑞尔森大学建筑系,加拿大多伦多M5B 2K3 [3]三峡库区生态环境教育部工程研究中心,湖北宜昌443002

出　　处：《人民长江》2022年第5期94-100,共7页Yangtze River

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(52000120);湖北省水利重点科研项目(HBSLKY201919);三峡库区生态环境教育部工程研究中心开放基金课题(KF2019-15;KF2018-06)。

摘　　要：选择人工湿地中常用的6种水生植物(美人蕉、菖蒲、香蒲、芦苇、凤眼蓝和睡莲)为受试植物,进行氨氮耐受性试验。在人工培养条件下配置不同氨氮浓度的营养液对这6种植物进行培养,一定时间后,对植物的抗氧化酶防御系统主要酶学指标进行测试。通过测定植物叶片中丙二醛(MDA)含量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)的活性变化,找出6种水生植物的氨氮耐受性规律。结果表明:(1)菖蒲的SOD活性在氨氮浓度为300 mg/L左右时达到峰值,凤眼蓝、香蒲、睡莲的SOD活性峰值均在氨氮浓度为500 mg/L左右时出现,美人蕉和芦苇的SOD活性峰值出现在600 mg/L以后,且前期呈稳定增长;(2)凤眼蓝、睡莲、香蒲、菖蒲的CAT活性峰值均在氨氮浓度为500 mg/L左右出现,且前期都呈稳定增长,美人蕉和芦苇的CAT活性峰值在氨氮浓度为600~700 mg/L时出现,其中芦苇呈稳定增长,美人蕉呈先减后增的趋势;(3)凤眼蓝和睡莲的MDA在氨氮浓度为300 mg/L左右时达到峰值,香蒲和菖蒲的MDA在氨氮浓度为500 mg/L左右时出现峰值,美人蕉和芦苇的MDA峰值在氨氮浓度为600 mg/L以后出现;(5)菖蒲、凤眼蓝、芦苇、睡莲适用于低浓度氨氮环境,美人蕉和芦苇虽然受到低浓度氨氮的一些胁迫,但在高浓度时表现出色,美人蕉和芦苇对氨氮的耐受性更强。Six kinds of aquatic plants commonly used in constructed wetlands,namely Canna indica,Acorus calamus,Typha orientalis Presl,Phragmites communis,Eichhornia crassipes and Nymphaea tetragona,were selected for nitrogen tolerance analysis.They were cultured in nutrient solutions of different ammonia nitrogen concentrations.The main enzyme indexes of plant antioxidant enzyme defense system were tested in a certain period of time.The nitrogen tolerance of six species of aquatic plants was preliminarily found by measuring the content of malondialdehyde(MDA),the activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD)and catalase(CAT)in leaves.The results showed that the SOD of Acorus calamus reached the peak when the concentration was about 300 mg/L,then decreased.The SOD of Eichhornia crassipes,Typha orientalis Presl and Nymphaea tetragona reached the peak when the concentrations were around 500 mg/L.The SOD of Canna indica and Phragmites communis reached the peak when the concentrations were over 600 mg/L,and showed a steady growth trend in the early stage.The CAT of Eichhornia crassipes,Nymphaea tetragona,Typha orientalis Presl and Acorus calamus reached the peak when the concentrations were all about 500 mg/L,and showed a steady growth trend in the early stage,while the peak values of Canna indica and Phragmites communis were between 600~700 mg/L,in which Phragmites communis increased steadily,and Canna indica decreased at first and then increased.The MDA of Eichhornia crassipes and Nymphaea tetragona reached the peak when the concentrations were around 300 mg/L.The MDA of Typha orientalis Presl and Acorus calamus reached the peak when the concentrations were around 500 mg/L.The MDA of Canna indica and Phragmites communis reached the peak when the concentrations were over 600 mg/L.The results showed that Acorus calamus,Eichhornia crassipes,Phragmites communis and Nymphaea tetragona were suitable for low concentration ammonia nitrogen environment.Although Canna indica and Phragmites communis were subjected to some stress of low concen

关 键 词：氨氮耐受性 富营养化 水生植物 人工湿地 生态修复 

分 类 号：X52[环境科学与工程—环境工程]