适应自动换刀功能的超声电主轴结构设计及实验研究  

Structural design and experimental study of an ultrasonic motorized spindleadapted to automatic tool changing

作　　者：刘建慧[1] 马志鹏 郭星辰 LIU Jianhui;MA Zhipeng;GUO Xingchen(School of Mechanical and Power Engineering,Henan Polytechnic University,Jiaozuo 454000,Henan,China)

机构地区：[1]河南理工大学机械与动力工程学院,河南焦作454000

出　　处：《河南理工大学学报（自然科学版）》2022年第3期90-95,127,共7页Journal of Henan Polytechnic University（Natural Science）

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(U1604255)。

摘　　要：将HSK刀柄作为半波长复合变幅杆的一部分,并考虑超声振动对主轴旋转精度和寿命的影响,提出一种基于HSK标准刀柄、适应加工中心自动换刀功能的超声振动电主轴。将拉爪与刀柄接触面作为变幅杆的设计节点,利用四端网络法确定复合变幅杆的尺寸参数和工作频率。自由模态分析结果表明,主轴临界转速和变幅杆工作频率下的模态振型与理论计算相吻合。预应力模态分析证明,受拉力时变幅杆能正常工作。通过阻抗分析及实验振幅测量,得到变幅杆的实际工作频率,为20552 Hz,此频率下刀具端部产生最大5μm的稳定周期性振动。研究结果有利于推动超声加工中心的实用化。Considering the influences of ultrasonic vibration on spindle rotation accuracy and service life,an ultrasonic motorized spindle adapted to automatic tool changing was presented,and the HSK tool holder was used as a part of the composite half-wavelength ultrasonic horn.Dimension parameters and working frequency of the horn were calculated based on the theory of four-end network,in which the contact surface between the clamping unit and the tool holder was used as the theoretical node of the horn.The free modal analysis results showed that the critical speed of the spindle and modal shapes of the horn at working frequency were consistent with theoretical calculation.The modal analysis with pre-stress showed that the horn could work normally when subjected to clamping force.Through impedance analysis and amplitude measurement,the working frequency of the horn was 20552 Hz,and the tool end produced a stable periodic vibration of 5μm in amplitude at this frequency.The results of the study could promote the application of ultrasonic machining center.

关 键 词：超声电主轴 超声变幅杆 四端网络法 模态分析 临界转速 自动换刀 

分 类 号：TB559[理学—物理]