天空辐射制冷技术发展现状与展望  

Current Status and Future Perspectives of Radiative Sky Cooling

作　　者：郭晨玥 潘浩丹 徐琪皓 王佳云 盛茗峰 赵东亮 Guo Chenyue;Pan Haodan;Xu Qihao;Wang Jiayun;Sheng Mingfeng;Zhao Dongliang(School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China)

机构地区：[1]东南大学能源与环境学院,南京210096

出　　处：《制冷学报》2022年第3期1-14,共14页Journal of Refrigeration

摘　　要：天空辐射制冷技术是指地球表面物体通过“大气窗口”波段(主要在8~13μm)向宇宙发射红外辐射以实现自身降温的过程。作为一种无需能量输入的制冷技术,天空辐射制冷可为应对能源危机及全球变暖提供一种新的思路。从发展历程看,传统的辐射制冷技术应用仅限于夜间。近年来,随着纳米光子学及超材料领域的发展,日间辐射制冷技术的优势已经得到验证。本文对天空辐射制冷技术的发展现状进行了回顾,涉及基本原理、材料与结构,分析了其潜在应用前景,并重点讨论了该技术当前研究与应用中面临的挑战。在能源形势与环境问题日益严峻的今天,探索天空辐射制冷技术在不同场景的应用,如建筑节能、减轻城市热岛效应、缓解水资源短缺、提高光伏发电效率等,有望助力我国的碳达峰、碳中和事业发展。Radiative sky cooling cools an object on the Earth′s surface by emitting thermal radiation through the“atmospheric window”(mainly in the wavelength range of 8-13μm)to the cold universe.As a passive technique to reduce cooling energy requirements without power input,radiative cooling provides a new pathway to address the challenges of the energy crisis and global warming.Over the past few decades,radiative cooling has been restricted to nighttime applications.With recent technological advancements in nanophotonics and metamaterials,daytime radiative cooling has been demonstrated.In this review,the current research status of radiative sky cooling is discussed,including its fundamental principles,advanced materials,and structures.In addition,applications and prospects in radiative sky cooling are summarized and the challenges are analyzed to promote the development of radiative sky cooling.As the energy security and environmental issues escalate,exploring the application of radiative sky cooling in different scenarios,such as energy saving in buildings,mitigation of the heat island effect,and improving the efficiency of solar cell generation,will considerably contribute to energy saving and carbon emission reduction.

关 键 词：辐射制冷 光谱选择性 大气辐射 红外辐射 

分 类 号：TB66[一般工业技术—制冷工程] P422[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]