氮肥减量配施有机肥对豫中地区冬小麦-夏玉米轮作生产力和土壤性质的影响  

Effects of reduced chemical nitrogen input combined with organic fertilizer ap-plication on the productivity of winter wheat and summer maize rotation and soil properties in central Henan Province

作　　者：叶盛嘉 郑晨萌 张影[1] 刘星[1] YE Shengjia;ZHENG Chenmeng;ZHANG Ying;LIU Xing(College of Resources and Environmental Sciences,Henan Institute of Science and Technology/Henan Engineering Research Center of Bio-logical Pesticide&Fertilizer Development and Synergistic Application,Xinxiang 453003,China)

机构地区：[1]河南科技学院资源与环境学院/河南省生物药肥研发与协同应用工程研究中心,新乡453003

出　　处：《中国生态农业学报（中英文）》2022年第6期900-912,共13页Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41601250);河南省大学生创新训练计划项目(S202110467023);河南科技学院大学生创新训练计划项目(2021CX45)资助。

摘　　要：为了探索豫中地区冬小麦-夏玉米轮作的减氮潜力,构建适宜的作物养分管理体系,通过连续3年的田间定位试验,研究了化学氮肥减量配施有机肥对冬小麦-夏玉米轮作系统生产力和土壤性质的影响。田间试验设置10个处理,包括完全不施肥(CK)、农户常规施氮量(100%CNF)、农户常规施氮量递减20%(80%CNF、60%CNF和40%CNF)、单施有机肥(OF)、农户常规施氮量配施有机肥(100%CNF+OF)及氮肥减量配施有机肥(80%CNF+OF、60%CNF+OF和40%CNF+OF)。分析各处理间小麦、玉米籽粒产量和地上部生物量以及土壤理化性质、酶活性和细菌群落的差异。结果表明,不配施有机肥条件下,小麦和玉米籽粒产量和地上部生物量均以80%CNF处理最高。与100%CNF相比,80%CNF处理小麦籽粒产量和地上部生物量分别增加9.67%~10.55%和30.53%~35.76%,玉米籽粒产量和地上部生物量分别增加28.06%~51.42%和29.62%~41.27%。有机肥施用进一步扩大氮肥减量空间,60%CNF+OF和40%CNF+OF处理小麦产量较80%CNF处理无差异,60%CNF+OF处理玉米产量较80%CNF处理无差异。减氮及其配施有机肥并不影响土壤有机质、易氧化有机碳和全氮含量以及pH,但大幅降低硝态氮含量,对铵态氮、速效磷和速效钾含量的影响因处理不同而异。与100%CNF相比,减氮配施有机肥增加土壤脲酶和芳基硫酸酯酶活性,但降低了β-葡萄糖苷酶活性,对蔗糖酶、碱性磷酸酶和脱氢酶活性无显著影响。减氮配施有机肥处理能够改善土壤细菌群落α多样性,60%CNF+OF和40%CNF+OF处理辛普森指数和均匀度指数较100%CNF均显著增加。减氮配施有机肥也显著影响土壤细菌群落β多样性,且氮肥减量相较有机肥施用效果更为突出。在门水平,变形菌门、放线菌门和酸杆菌门是细菌群落优势成员,减氮配施有机肥较100%CNF处理显著降低放线菌门平均相对丰度为10.92%~14.39%;在属水平,减氮配施有机肥处理显著增�To explore the potential of nitrogen(N)reduction in winter wheat and summer maize rotation system located at central Henan Province and pursue the best crop nutrient management strategy,the effects of reduced chemical N fertilization(RCN)combined with organic fertilizer application(OFA)on rotation system productivity and soil properties were assessed through a field experiment over three years.Ten treatments were employed in the present study:without fertilization(CK),farmers’chemical N application rate(100%CNF),gradually reducing the chemical N application rate by 20%(80%CNF,60%CNF,and 40%CNF),applying organic fertilizer alone(OF),and combined application of RCN and OFA(100%CNF+OF,80%CNF+OF,60%CNF+OF,and 40%CNF+OF).The differences in grain yields and aboveground biomass of wheat and maize,soil physicochemical properties,enzymes activities,and bacterial communities among treatments were analyzed.In the absence of OFA,the highest grain yield and aboveground biomass for wheat and maize were achieved with 80%CNF.Compared with 100%CNF,grain yield and aboveground biomass of wheat in 80%CNF significantly increased by 9.67%−10.55%and 30.53%−35.76%,respectively,and those of maize in 80%CNF significantly increased by 28.06%−51.42%and 29.62%−41.27%,respectively,suggesting that farmers’conventional fertilization constituted excessive N supply.Furthermore,reducing 20%of farmers’chemical N fertilization significantly increased rotation system productivity.The OFA could further release the space for N reduction,which was confirmed by the lack of statistical difference in wheat grain yield among 60%CNF+OF,40%CNF+OF,and 80%CNF;and in maize grain yield between 60%CNF+OF and 80%CNF.The RCN alone or in combination with OFA did not alter the contents of soil organic matter,easily oxidized organic carbon,and total nitrogen,or pH,but substantially reduced the NO3−-N content.The effects of RCN and OFA on the contents of NH4+-N,available phosphorus,and available potassium varied among treatments.Compared to 100%CNF,RCN c

关 键 词：氮肥减量 有机肥 籽粒产量 土壤性质 小麦-玉米轮作 细菌群落 

分 类 号：S156[农业科学—土壤学]