黄土高原干旱区长期种植紫花苜蓿和一年生作物轮作对土壤真菌群落的影响  

Influences of continuous monoculture of alfalfa and rotation of annual crops on soil fungal communities in the semi-arid Loess Plateau

作　　者：孙鹏洲 罗珠珠[1,2] 李玲玲 牛伊宁 蔡立群 刘家鹤[1] 王晓菲 SUN Pengzhou;LUO Zhuzhu;LI Lingling;NIU Yining;CAI Liqun;LIU Jiahe;WANG Xiaofei(College of Resources and Environmental Sciences,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou 730070,China;Gansu Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science,Lanzhou 730070,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃农业大学资源与环境学院,兰州730070 [2]甘肃省干旱生境作物学重点实验室,兰州730070

出　　处：《中国生态农业学报（中英文）》2022年第6期965-975,共11页Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31860364,32160526);甘肃省科技计划项目(20JR5RA019);甘肃省国际科技合作基地(GSPT-2018-56);甘肃省优秀研究生“创新之星”项目(2021CXZX-412)资助。

摘　　要：为研究半干旱区种植制度对土壤真菌群落和功能的影响,本研究依托布设于黄土高原雨养农业区的长期定位试验,采集长期种植苜蓿(LC)、苜蓿-休耕(LF)、苜蓿-休耕-玉米(L_(F)C)、苜蓿-马铃薯(LP)、苜蓿-谷子(LMi)5个处理的耕层(0~30 cm)土壤样品,基于真菌ITS区高通量测序技术,分析比较长期种植苜蓿和一年生作物对土壤真菌多样性和群落特征的影响,并采用FUNGuild平台分析预测不同处理土壤真菌的生态功能。结果表明,本研究共检测到真菌7门25纲77目169科347属,其中以子囊菌门(Ascomycota,69.17%~88.22%)为最优势菌门,且远远大于次优势菌门——接合菌门(Zygomycota,6.72%~19.88%)和担子菌门(Basidiomycota,1.64%~9.01%);属水平下各处理优势菌群存在差异,其中LC处理优势属为Phaeomycocentrospora,LF、LP和LMi的优势属均为赤霉菌属(Gibberella),L_(F)C处理优势属为被孢霉属(Mortierella)。冗余分析(RDA)发现,土壤有效磷(P=0.002)是影响土壤真菌群落结构的主要环境因子。真菌FUNGuild功能预测结果表明,本试验黄绵土主要以病理营养型真菌(pathotroph)为主(25.44%~39.27%),速效磷和硝态氮是影响土壤真菌营养类型变化的主要环境因子,与长期种植苜蓿相比种植一年生大田作物显著增加了土壤腐生-共生营养型、病原体-腐生-共生营养型和病理-腐生-共生营养型等过渡型真菌类群相对丰度,说明合理的种植制度有利于改善农田土壤真菌群落结构,促进区域土壤生态系统的稳定。Lucerne(Medicago sativa)is widely planted in the Loess Plateau of western China and can accumulate soil carbon and nitrogen nutrients.However,continuous cropping of lucerne has consumed soil water and phosphorus for many years leading to a decrease in soil quality and alfalfa productivity.Therefore,after lucerne is planted for a certain period,it is necessary to plant the stubble and rotate annual crops to promote sustainable land use.Choosing suitable crops can improve the stability of the soil ecosystem.In this study,we analyzed the effects of long-term continuous cropping of alfalfa and rotation with annual crops on the structure and diversity of soil fungal communities in semi-arid areas based on a long-term localization experiment in the rainfed agricultural area of the Loess Plateau using the FUNGuild platform to predict the ecological functions of fungi in different treatments.The cropping systems included monocropping for 16 years of lucerne(LC),field fallow for 7 years after monocropping for 9 years of lucerne(rotation of lucerne-fallow,LF),field fallow for 2 years after monocropping for 9 years of lucerne and then planting corn(Zea mays)for 5 years(rotation of lucerne-fallow-corn,L_(F)C),planting potato(Solanum tuberosum)for 7 years after monocropping for 9 years of lucerne(rotation of lucerne-potato,LP),and planting millet(Panicum miliaceum)for 7 years after monocropping for 9 years of lucerne(rotation of lucerne-millet,LMi).A total of 7 phyla,25 classes,77 orders,169 families,and 347 genera of fungi were identified.The fungi were mainly Ascomycota,Zygomycota,and Basidiomycota at the phylum level.Ascomycota was the first dominant phylum in different treatments,and its relative abundance ranged from 69.17%to 88.22%,which was much greater than that of the subdominant phyla Zygomycota(6.72%–19.88%)and Basidiomycota(1.64%–9.01%).The dominant genera varied in different treatments,with Phaeomycocentrospora in LC treatment,Gibberella in LF,LP,and LMi treatments,and Mortierella in L_(F)C treatment.Redundan

关 键 词：紫花苜蓿 一年生作物 高通量测序 真菌群落结构 FUNGulid 

分 类 号：S154.3[农业科学—土壤学]