燃料电池离心压缩机叶轮构型的参数优化及性能分析  

Performance Analysis and Multi-Parameter Optimization of Centrifugal Impeller Configuration for the Centrifugal Compressor Used in Fuel Cells

作　　者：王艺达 刘小民[1] 周逸伦 樊宏周[1] 陈玉辉 张治平 WANG Yida;LIU Xiaomin;ZHOU Yilun;FANHongzhou;CHEN Yuhui;ZHANG Zhiping(School of Energy and Power Engineering,Xi’an Jiaotong University,Xi’an 710049,China;Gree Electric Appliances Inc.of Zhuhai,Zhuhai,Guangdong 519070,China)

机构地区：[1]西安交通大学能源与动力工程学院,西安710049 [2]珠海格力电器股份有限公司,广东珠海519070

出　　处：《西安交通大学学报》2022年第6期164-174,共11页Journal of Xi'an Jiaotong University

基　　金：国家重点研发计划资助项目(2019YFB1504601)。

摘　　要：为提升离心压缩机气动性能以满足燃料电池系统的需求,以某燃料电池离心压缩机叶轮为研究对象,选取叶轮进口倾角、叶片数、子午流道等型线控制点和叶片安装角分布控制点等关键构型参数作为优化变量,采用数值计算方法对离心压缩机叶轮气动性能进行模拟和优化。结合拉丁超立方抽样与BP神经网络拟合叶轮构型参数与气动性能的映射关系,以叶轮等熵效率最大为优化目标、总压比和功率等参数为约束,运用遗传算法对上述叶轮关键构型参数进行多参数寻优,并对优化前后叶轮的气动性能及其内部流动特性进行了对比分析。结果表明:在设计工况下,优化后叶轮等熵效率提高了3.90%,总压比为1.742,功率为8.53 kW,满足设计要求;叶轮的稳定运行工况范围变宽,并且在整个工况范围内叶轮的等熵效率也均得到提升;从流场分析可以发现,优化后叶轮轮盖侧高熵值区域缩小,叶片压力面及出口截面速度分布更均匀,低速气体团面积在不同流动方向上减小,叶道内流动分离得到抑制,验证了所提离心叶轮多参数优化设计方法的有效性。In order to improve the aerodynamic performance of the centrifugal compressor to meet the demand of the fuel cell system,this paper takes a fuel cell centrifugal compressor impeller as the study object,selects the key configuration parameters such as the impeller inlet inclination angle,number of blades,radial flow path and other profile control points and blade mounting angle distribution control points as optimization variables,then uses the numerical calculation method to simulate and optimize the aerodynamic performance of the centrifugal impeller.Based on the Latin hypercube sampling and the BP neural network,this paper mapped the relationship between the impeller configuration parameters and the aerodynamic performance,then uses the maximum isentropic efficiency of the impeller as the optimization target,and takes the total pressure ratio and power as constraints.The genetic algorithm was used to optimize the key configuration parameters of the impeller,and the aerodynamic performance and internal flow characteristics of the impeller before and after optimization were compared and analyzed.The results show that the isentropic efficiency of the optimized impeller increases by 3.90%,its total pressure ratio is 1.742,and its power is 8.53 kW under the design conditions,which satisfies the design requirements.At the same time,the range of stable operating conditions of the impeller becomes wider,and the isentropic efficiency of the impeller is also improved in the whole range of operating conditions.The flow field analysis shows that the high entropy area on the cover side of the impeller is reduced after optimization,the velocity distribution in the pressure surface and outlet section of the blade is more uniform,the area of the low-speed gas mass is reduced in multiple directions,and the flow separation in the impeller channel is suppressed.The above verifies the effectiveness of the multi-parameter optimization design method of the centrifugal impeller in this paper.

关 键 词：离心压缩机 叶轮 燃料电池 气动性能 多参数优化 

分 类 号：O354.1[理学—流体力学]