基于摄影测量技术对玛多M_(W)7.4地震地表破裂特征的快速提取及三维结构的室内重建  

RAPID EXTRACTION OF FEATURES AND INDOOR RECONSTRUCTION OF 3D STRUCTURES OF MADOI M_(W)7.4 EARTHQUAKE SURFACE RUPTURES BASED ON PHOTOGRAMMETRY METHOD

作　　者：王文鑫 邵延秀 姚文倩 刘静[1,2] 韩龙飞[1] 刘小利 高云鹏[1] 王子君 秦可心[1] 屠泓为 WANG Wen-xin;SHAO Yan-xiu;YAO Wen-qian;LIU-ZENG Jing;HAN Long-fei;LIU Xiao-li;GAO Yun-peng;WANG Zi-jun;QIN Ke-xin;TU Hong-wei(Institute of Surface-Earth System Science,School of Earth System Science,Tianjin University,Tianjin 300072,China;State Key Laboratory of Earthquake Dynamics,Institute of Geology,China Earthquake Administration,Beijing 100029,China;Key Laboratory of Earthquake Geodesy,Institute of Seismology,China Earthquake Administration,Wuhan 430071,China;Qinghai Earthquake Agency,Xining 810001,China)

机构地区：[1]天津大学地球系统科学学院表层地球系统科学研究院,天津300072 [2]中国地震局地质研究所地震动力学国家重点实验室,北京100029 [3]中国地震局地震研究所地震大地测量重点实验室,武汉430071 [4]青海省地震局,西宁810001

出　　处：《地震地质》2022年第2期524-540,共17页Seismology and Geology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(U1839203,42011540385);地震动力学国家重点实验室开放基金(LED2020B03);青海省科技计划项目(2020-ZJ-752)共同资助。

摘　　要：掌握精确地震的地表破裂带特征是探讨大地震破裂特征和发震机理的重要基础。摄影测量技术为快速获取高精度、高分辨率地表破裂带的空间展布提供了有力支撑。文中以玛多M_(W)7.4地震为例,详细介绍了摄影测量技术在震后快速准确地进行地表破裂解译及相关特征参数提取中的应用。通过无人机摄影测量技术,在较短时间内获得了地震全段地表破裂的数字正射影像以及多个形变复杂区域厘米级分辨率的数字高程模型,可满足震后快速获取同震地表破裂带特征的需要。对正射影像测量的地表破裂水平位错结果与野外实地测量结果进行对比,可证明无人机摄影测量技术所得数据的真实性和可靠性。利用移动智能设备搭载的LiDAR传感器,结合增强现实技术(Augmented reality,AR),实现了如挤压鼓包等复杂地表破裂的室内重现,AR成像模型与实景高度融合,为地质教学及科研工作提供了一种新的方法和思路。研究结果显示,摄影测量技术在活动构造定量化、精细化研究中具有巨大的应用潜力。Exact characteristics of surface rupture zone are essential for exploring the mechanism of large earthquakes.Although the traditional field surface rupture investigation methods can obtain high-precision geomorphic data in a local area,it is difficult to rapidly get an extensive range of high-precision topographic and geomorphic data of the entire fault due to its limited measurement range and low efficiency.In addition,manual measurement is of tremendous workload,high cost,time-consuming and laborious,and the subjective differences in the judgment standards during the manual operation process may also cause the measurement results to be inconsistent with the actual terrain characteristics.In recent years,the development of photogrammetry technology has provided another more effective technical means for the rapid acquisition of high-precision topographic and geomorphic data,which has dramatically changed the way of geological investigation,improved the efficiency of fieldwork.At the same time,it also makes it a reality to reproduce the 3 D tectonic features of field tectonic deformation indoors.Structure from Motion(SfM)multi-view mobile photogrammetry technology is widely concerned for its convenience,fast and low-cost acquisition of high-resolution 3 D topographic data in a working area of tens-kilometers scale.The emergence of this method has greatly improved the automation degree of photogrammetry.The technology obtains image sets by motion cameras,uses a feature matching algorithm to extract homonym features from multiple images(at least three images),deter mines the relative positional relationship of cameras during photography,and continuously optimizes by the nonlinear least square algorithm.Finally,the pose of cameras is automatically solved,and 3 D scene structure is reconstructed.The technology can restore the original 3 D appear ance of the object in the computer by a set of digital images with a certain degree of overlap.In the applications of terrain mapping,this technology only needs to combine a

关 键 词：玛多M_(W)7.4地震 地表破裂 摄影测量技术 无人机 增强现实技术 

分 类 号：P315.2[天文地球—地震学]