海拔和采种期对党参种子产量及其构成因素的影响  

Effects of Elevation and Harvest Time on Seed Yield and Its Components of the Root of Dangshen

作　　者：蔡伟 张妍[2] 杜弢[3] 刘学周[4] 邱黛玉 CAI Wei;ZHANG Yan;DU Tao;LIU Xuezhou;QIU Daiyu(Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou Gansu 730070,China;Gansu Vocational College of Agriculture,Lanzhou Gansu 730020,China;Gansu University of Chinese Medicine,Lanzhou Gansu 730050,China;Cash Crop Technology Extension Station of Gansu Province,Lanzhou Gansu 730000,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃农业大学,甘肃兰州730070 [2]甘肃农业职业技术学院,甘肃兰州730020 [3]甘肃中医药大学,甘肃兰州730050 [4]甘肃省经济作物技术推广站,甘肃兰州730000

出　　处：《甘肃农业科技》2022年第5期75-81,共7页Gansu Agricultural Science and Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31960395);国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFC1706301);2013年中医药部门公共卫生专项“国家基本药物所需中药原料资源调查与检测”(国中医药办规财发[2013]41号)子课题“国家基本药物所需中药材种子种苗繁育基地建设项目”。

摘　　要：研究生态条件和采种期对党参种子产量及其构成因素的影响,可以确定党参种子生产适宜生态区域和采种期。我们以海拔为主区、采收期为副区采取裂区试验设计研究了不同海拔和采种期对党参种子产量及其构成因素的影响。结果表明,当海拔为1920~2200 m时党参采种量较高,当海拔2200 m以上则不利于党参结种;低海拔区域1922~2000 m的果实成熟度高,成熟度受采集地生态条件影响明显。党参单株果实数、单株产种量随海拔升高呈增加趋势,当海拔达到2000 m时党参单株果实数最多,为62.77个;单株产种量最高,为2.25 g。当海拔达到2000 m、采种期为10月15日时,党参产种量最高,为481 kg/hm^(2)。在高海拔下采种期可以适当提前至10月5日。因此,党参种子生产适宜的海拔区域为2000~2200 m范围的生态区,在此海拔下10月中旬是适宜的采种期。Studying the effects of ecological conditions and harvest time on seed yield and its components of the root of Dangshen(Codonopsis pilosula)could determine the suitable ecological region and harvest time for Dangshen.This experiment was conducted in split-plot design with elevationin plotsand harvest time in subplots to study the effects of different elevation and harvest time on seed yield and its components of Dangshen.Results showed that the seed yield of Dangshen was ideal at the altitude of 1920 to 2200 ma.s.l.,but higher altitude(above 2200 ma.s.l.)was unfavorable to seedsetting of Dangshen.The fruit maturity in low altitude area(1922 to 2000 ma.s.l.)was high,and the maturity was affected by the ecological conditions.Fruit number per plant and seed yield per plant of Dangshen showed the tendency of increasing along with the rise of altitude,fruit number per plant and seed yield per plant of Dangshen both peaked at the altitude of 2000 ma.s.l.which were 62.77 per plant and 2.25 g per plant,respectively.Seed yield of Dangshen peaked on October 15 at the altitude of 2000 ma.s.l.which was 481 kg/ha.When planted in high altitude area,the harvest time could be advanced to October 5.Therefore,the optimum ecological region and harvest time for the seed production of Dangshen were 2000 to 2200 ma.s.l.and the middle of October,respectively.

关 键 词：党参 种子产量 海拔 采种期 产量构成因素 

分 类 号：S567[农业科学—中草药栽培]