广东南雄和新会农田鼠情监测结果分析  

Analysis of Monitoring Result of Farmland Rodents in Nanxiong City and Xinhui District, Guangdong Province

作　　者：林思亮 黄立胜 蓝子胜 赖荣丰 姚丹丹[1] 姜洪雪 冯志勇[1] LIN Siliang;HUANG Lisheng;LAN Zisheng;LAI Rongfeng;YAO Dandan;JIANG Hongxue;FENG Zhiyong(Plant Protection Research Institute,Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Guangdong Key Laboratory of High Technology for Plant Protection,Guangzhou 510640,China;Warning and Prevention Center of Agricultural Pest of Guangdong Province,Guangzhou 510500,China;Jiangmen Crop Pests Forecasting Station,Jiangmen 529000,China;Nanxiong Plant Protection and Inspection Station,Nanxiong 512400,China)

机构地区：[1]广东省农业科学院植物保护研究所/广东省植物保护新技术重点实验室,广东广州510640 [2]广东省农业有害生物预警防控中心,广东广州510500 [3]江门市农作物病虫测报中心站,广东江门529000 [4]南雄市植保植检管理站,广东南雄512400

出　　处：《广东农业科学》2022年第4期74-80,共7页Guangdong Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：广东省现代农业产业技术体系创新团队项目(2021KJ113);广东省农业科学院青年导师项目(R2021QD-016)。

摘　　要：【目的】掌握广东典型农田区域鼠情发生情况及不同栖息环境的鼠类群落结构特征差异,为广东农田鼠害防控提供依据。【方法】采用夹夜法在粤北地区的韶关南雄和珠三角地区的江门新会2个监测点开展连续3年的农田鼠情监测,量化分析鼠种组成、种群数量及群落生物量结构等现状,并比较不同栖息环境的鼠类群落结构特征差异。【结果】3年总捕获率为6.37%,836只捕获个体分属5种鼠类。其中黄毛鼠捕获数(589只)和生物量(322.34 g/百夹夜)皆占据优势。监测点农田鼠类基本群落结构可概括为“黄毛鼠+板齿鼠+卡氏小鼠+褐家鼠+黄胸鼠”。鼠类种群数量逐月动态呈双峰型,每年有2个高峰期(1月和11月)和2个低谷期(4月和7月)。冬季鼠类种群密度最高,平均捕获率为7.17(±2.49)%;春季最低,平均捕获率为4.86(±2.21)%。南雄监测点鼠类种群密度和生物量(8.38%±5.05%,727.92 g/百夹夜)显著高于新会监测点(4.88%±4.28%,472.52 g/百夹夜),2个监测点在鼠种组成、种群数量及群落生物量结构上亦存在显著差异。【结论】农田鼠类种群数量在不同月份、不同季节、不同地点皆存在明显差异。需提高农田鼠类监测及早期预警的准确度,并根据种植结构、栖息地条件的变化调整防控策略,以实现新形势下鼠害的可持续治理。【Objective】The study was carried out to understand the rodent infestation in typical farmlands and the difference of rodent community structure in different habitats of Guangdong Province,with a view to providing basis for the prevention and control of rodents in Guangdong.【Method】Night trapping method was used to monitor rodents for three consecutive years at two monitoring sites:Nanxiong City in northern Guangdong and Xinhui District in Pearl River Delta.Quantitative analysis of the rodent species composition,population size and community biomass structure was conducted.In addition,the differences of rodent community structures in different habitats were compared.【Result】The total captured rate in 3 years was 6.37%.A total of 836 captured individuals belonged to 5 species of rodents.Both captured number(589individuals)and biomass(322.34 g/100 trap nights)of Rattus losea were dominant in those 5 species.The basic species composition of rodent community in farmlands of monitoring sites was“Rattus losea+Bandicota indica+Mus caroli+Rattus norvegicus+Rattus tanezumi”.The monthly dynamics of rodent population showed a bimodal pattern,with two peaks(in January and November)and two valleys(in April and July)every year.The highest rodent population density season was winter,and the average captured rate was 7.17(±2.49)%.While the spring was the lowest rodent population density season with the average captured rate of 4.86(±2.21)%.The rodent population density and biomass at Nanxiong monitoring site(8.38%±5.05%,727.92 g/100 trap nights)were significantly higher than those at Xinhui monitoring site(4.88%±4.28%,472.52 g/100 trap nights).There also were significant differences in species composition,population size and community biomass structure between the two monitoring sites.【Conclusion】There are significant differences in farmland rodent population size in different months,different seasons,and at different sites.To achieve sustainable rodent pest management under the new circumstances,it is nee

关 键 词：农田害鼠 鼠种组成 种群数量 群落结构 生物量 栖息地 

分 类 号：S443[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]