农民非农就业、经营规模与农地生产效率——基于中国885个县的面板数据  

Farmers'non-agricultural employment,management scale and farmland production efficiency:Based on panel data of 885 counties in China

作　　者：陈中伟[1] 赵高送 华长营 CHEN Zhongwei;ZHAO Gaosong;HUA Changying(School of Economics, Zhengzhou Institute of Aeronautical Industry Management, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan, China;School of Marxism, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan 430073, Hubei, China)

机构地区：[1]郑州航空工业管理学院经济学院,河南郑州450046 [2]中南财经政法大学经济学院,湖北武汉430073

出　　处：《河南理工大学学报（社会科学版）》2022年第3期32-42,共11页Journal of Henan Polytechnic University:Social Sciences

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目(17BJY088);河南省软科学项目(212400410135);河南省青年骨干教师项目资助(2018GGJS112)。

摘　　要：利用中国885个县的面板数据,首先采用DEA方法测度农地生产效率,总体上农地生产综合效率、纯技术效率逐年增加,但2008年之后的规模效率呈现递减趋势;中部地区综合效率和纯技术效率高于全国平均水平,2008年以后西部地区农地规模效率一直递增;农地生产综合效率和纯技术效率山区最高,但规模效率平原地区最高。然后,利用非平衡面板数据固定效应分析农地生产效率的影响因素,结果显示:(1)农民非农就业对农地生产综合效率和纯技术效率的影响均呈现“U”型;对规模效率的影响只有西部地区显著且呈“U”型,平原和丘陵地区呈“U”型,山地区域呈倒“U”型。(2)农地经营规模扩大对农地生产综合效率和纯技术效率的影响只有西部地区显著且成“U”型;对规模效率影响东部地区显著且呈“U”型;不同农地特征下,农地经营规模对农地生产纯技术效率均呈现“U”型,对综合效率影响只有山地地区显著且呈“U”型,对规模效率的影响只有丘陵地区显著且呈倒“U”型。最后,提出了引导农民职业合理分化、加快农村三产融合、培育多元化农业经营主体、优化农村劳动力和土地要素配置效率等建议。Based on the panel data of 885 counties in China,DEA method was used to measure the farmland production efficiency.In general,the comprehensive efficiency and pure technical efficiency increased year by year,but the scale efficiency gradually decreased after 2008.The total efficiency and pure technical efficiency in the central and western regions were higher than the national average,and the scale efficiency of agricultural land in the western regions has always been increasing after 2008.The comprehensive efficiency and pure technical efficiency of farmland production are the highest in mountainous areas,but the scale efficiency is the highest in plain areas.Then,using the fixed effect of non-equilibrium panel data to analyze the influencing factors of agricultural land production efficiency,the results show that:(1)the impact of non-agricultural employment on the total efficiency and pure technical efficiency of agricultural land production presents a“U”type;the impact on scale efficiency only significantly is distinct in the western region and presents a“U”type,plain and hilly regions show a“U”type,and mountainous regions show an inverted“U”type.(2)The expansion of farmland management scale has an obvious impact on the total efficiency and pure technical efficiency of farmland production only in the western region and has a“U”shape;it has a distinct impact on the eastern region and has a“U”shape;under different characteristics of farmland,the agricultural land management scale has a“U”shape on the pure technical efficiency of farmland production,has a significant impact on the total efficiency only in the mountainous region and has a“U”shape on the scale Only in hilly areas,the effect of efficiency is an inverted“U”.Finally,some suggestions are put forward,such as guiding the rational differentiation of farmers'occupations,accelerating the integration of the three industries in rural areas,cultivating diversified agricultural operation subjects,and optimizing the efficiency

关 键 词：农民 非农就业 经营规模 生产效率 

分 类 号：F301[经济管理—产业经济]