多级齿轮传动裂纹故障频率分析与特征提取  

Multi-stage Gear Transmission Frequency Analysis and Feature Extraction Under Crack Action

作　　者：申勇 章翔峰[1] 周建星[1] 姜宏[1] 王成龙 乔帅 马铜伟 SHEN Yong;ZHANG Xiangfeng;ZHOU Jianxing;JIANG Hong;WANG Chenglong;QIAO Shuai;MA Tongwei(School of Mechanical Engineering,Xinjiang University Urumqi,830047,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆大学机械工程学院,乌鲁木齐830047

出　　处：《振动．测试与诊断》2022年第2期328-334,410,共8页Journal of Vibration,Measurement & Diagnosis

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(51865054,51765061);新疆维吾尔自治区自然科学基金资助项目(2018D01C043);新疆大学自然科学基金资助项目(BS180216)。

摘　　要：为分析含裂纹的多级齿轮传动系统故障特征,判析其故障成分,首先,通过有限元法建立了裂纹故障下的直齿圆柱齿轮三维接触模型,计算了齿轮啮合时变刚度;其次,综合考虑了轴承支撑刚度以及传动轴柔性,建立了含齿轮裂纹的二级齿轮传动系统有限元动力学模型,依此求解了不同裂纹位置的振动响应;最后,针对试验信号信噪比不理想、能量分布不均匀等问题采用变分模态分解(variational mode decomposition,简称VMD)结合快速峭度图(fast spectral kurtosis,简称FSK)对故障成分进行提取,分析了裂纹位置与故障频率的相关性。结果表明:由于裂纹的存在,系统振动响应在时域历程中出现周期性冲击,且频域中表现为在该级齿轮副啮合频率及其倍频附近出现边频调制,其边频谱线间隔为故障齿所在轴的转频;VMD-FSK法在噪声环境下可有效提取其故障特征且鲁棒性较好。分析结果可为齿轮故障判别及定位提供理论依据。In order to analyze the fault characteristics of the cracked multi-stage gear transmission system,the fault components are analyzed.Therefore,the three-dimensional contact model of spur gears under fault conditions was established by finite element method,and the time-varying stiffness of gear meshing was calculated.Sequentially,the bearing stiffness as well as the flexibility of the transmission shaft were comprehensively considered,and a secondary gear with gear cracks was established.The dynamic model of the transmission system is used to solve the vibration response of different crack positions.Meanwhile,the variational mode decomposition(VMD)is used for the problems of the test signal to noise ratio and the uneven energy distribution.Combined with fast spectral kurtosis(FSK)to extract the fault components,the correlation between the crack location and the fault frequency was analyzed.Results show that due to the existence of cracks,the system vibration response appears periodic shocks in the time domain history.Frequency domain appears as side frequency modulation near the meshing frequency of the gear pair of this stage.The interval of the side spectrum lines is the frequency of the axis of the fault tooth.VMD-FSK method can effectively extract its fault characteristics in a noisy environment and has good robustness,providing a theoretical basis for the identification and location of gear failures.

关 键 词：齿轮裂纹 时变啮合刚度 振动特性 分模态分解 快速谱峭度法 

分 类 号：TH11[机械工程—机械设计及理论] TH132.4