活化腐植酸肥料对苹果幼树的生长和养分利用的影响  

Effects of activated humic acid fertilizer on growth and nutrient utilization of apple tree seedlings

作　　者：程冬冬[1] 唐亚福 刘艳[1] 李俊银 姚媛媛 杨越超[1] CHENG Dong-dong;TANG Ya-fu;LIU Yan;LI Jun-yin;YAO Yuan-yuan;YANG Yue-chao(National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources,College of Resources and Environment,Shandong Agricultural University,Taian Shandong 271018)

机构地区：[1]土肥资源高效利用国家工程实验室/山东农业大学资源与环境学院,山东泰安271018

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2022年第4期83-90,共8页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2016YFD0201105);国家自然基金(41807087,41907004,42077091)。

摘　　要：为研究活化腐植酸肥料的颗粒形态和用量对苹果幼树生长、土壤理化性质及肥料利用率的影响,通过苹果幼树盆栽试验,共设计了8个处理,包括不施肥(CK)、普通习惯施肥(CCF)、100%施用量的大颗粒活化腐植酸肥(SAF1)、80%施用量的大颗粒活化腐植酸肥(SAF2)、50%施用量的大颗粒活化腐植酸肥(SAF3)、100%施用量的粉末状活化腐植酸肥(PAF1)、80%施用量的粉末状活化腐植酸肥(PAF2)、50%施用量的粉末状活化腐植酸肥(PAF3)。考察了不同处理苹果幼树的株高、茎粗、叶绿素含量、光合特性、生物量、肥料利用率和土壤的速效养分等。结果表明,与CCF处理相比,SAF1、SAF2和PAF1处理的株高、茎粗、新梢长度、干物重、光合强度和土壤的速效养分显著增加,SAF3和PAF3处理的叶绿素、净光合速率、气孔导度、蒸腾速率、植株干重、硝态氮、有效磷和速效钾差异不显著。此外,SAF1处理的氮、磷和钾养分平均利用率分别为40.7%、20.6%和46.2%,相比PAF1处理分别提高了12.7%、32%和38.7%。在减少肥料用量的条件下,SAF2处理促进苹果幼树生长和提高土壤肥力的效果最佳,且显著优于普通肥料。因此,大颗粒活化腐植酸肥料在肥料减施、提高养分利用率、促进苹果幼树生长和增加土壤肥力方面的作用显著,其大面积推广应用的潜力巨大。In order to study the effects of the particle form and dosage of activated humic acid fertilizer on the growth and development of apple tree seedlings,the soil physical and chemical properties and the fertilizer utilization rate,a total of 8 treatments were designed through the pot experiment of apple tree seedings,including no fertilizer(CK),conventional fertilization(CCF),large particle activated humic acid fertilizer at 100%application rate(SAF1),large particle activated humic acid fertilizer at 80%application rate(SAF2),large particle activated humic acid fertilizer at 50%application rate(SAF3),100%application amount of powdered activated humic acid fertilizer(PAF1),80%application amount of powdered activated humic acid fertilizer(PAF2),50%application amount of powdered activated humic acid fertilizer(PAF3).The plant height,stem diameter,chlorophyll content,photosynthetic characteristics,biomass,fertilizer utilization rate of apple tree seedings,and soil available nutrients content under different treatments were investigated.The results showed that compared with CCF treatment,SAF1,SAF2 and PAF1 treatments significantly increased plant height,stem diameter,new treetop length,dry matter weight,photosynthetic intensity and soil available nutrients content;the chlorophyll content,net photosynthetic rate,stomatal conductance,transpiration rate,plant dry weight,nitrate nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium of SAF3 and PAF3 treated with reduced fertilization were not significantly different.In addition,the average utilization rate of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium in the treatment of large particles activated humic acid was 40.7%,20.6%and 46.2%,respectively,which was 12.7%,32%and 38.7%higher than that of powdered activated humic acid fertilizer.Under the condition of reducing the amount of fertilizer,80%application amount treatment SAF2 had the best effect on promoting the growth of apple tree seedings and improving soil fertility,and it was significantly better than conventional fertilizers.Ther

关 键 词：大颗粒肥料 活化腐植酸 苹果幼树 肥料利用率 

分 类 号：S661.1[农业科学—果树学]