钾肥种类及用量对三七养分吸收和产量及品质的影响  

Effect of different potassium fertilizers and dosing on nutrient absorption,yield and quality of Panax notoginseng

作　　者：杜彩艳[1,2] 普继雄 孙曦 吴迪 王攀磊[1,2] 毛妍婷 潘艳华[1,2] 张乃明[4] DU Cai-yan;PU Ji-xiong;SUN Xi;WU Di;WANG Pan-lei;MAO Yan-ting;PAN Yan-hua;ZHANG Nai-ming(Institute of Agricultural Resources&Environment,Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Kunming Yunnan 650205;Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Songming,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Kunming Yunnan 650205;Agricultural Technology Extension Center of Mile City,Yunan Province,Mile Yunnan 652399;College of Resource and Environment,Yunnan Agricultural University,Kunming Yunnan 650201)

机构地区：[1]云南省农业科学院农业环境资源研究所,云南昆明650205 [2]农业农村部嵩明农业环境科学观测实验站,云南昆明650205 [3]云南省红河州弥勒市农业技术推广中心,云南弥勒652399 [4]云南省农业大学资源与环境学院,云南昆明650201

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2022年第4期192-200,共9页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：云南省科技创新强省计划(2014AE014)。

摘　　要：选取一年生三七[Panax notoginseng(Burk.)F.H.Chen]作试验材料,通过连续2年田间试验研究施用硫酸钾(K_(2)SO_(4))和氯化钾(KCl)及不同施钾(K_(2)O)水平(0、337.5、675、1012.5 kg/hm^(2))对三七生长发育、养分吸收、钾肥利用率和品质的影响。结果表明,施用K_(2)SO_(4)和KCl可促进三七株高、叶长、叶宽、茎粗和生物量的增加,显著增加了三七产量(P<0.05),增幅7.21%-27.33%,以施用K_(2)SO_(4)675 kg/hm^(2)处理(KS_(2))产量最高。施用K_(2)SO_(4)和KCl增加了三七地上部、根部氮、磷、钾累积量,三七地上部、根部氮、磷、钾累积量随施钾水平的提高而增加;钾肥农学效率表现为先升高后降低的趋势,施钾量675 kg/hm^(2)时达到最高;钾肥偏生产力随施钾量的增加而显著降低(P<0.05)。施用2种钾肥均在一定程度上降低了三七根腐病的发病率,与K_(0)相比,施用K_(2)SO_(4)和KCl分别平均降低根腐病发病率35.80%和28.40%;各施钾处理中以KS_(2)处理降低根腐病发病率幅度最大。施用K_(2)SO_(4)和KCl均明显提高了三七皂苷R1含量和人参皂苷Rg1、Rd、Re、Rb1以及总皂苷含量,增幅分别为21.74%-89.13%、21.65%-57.22%、21.88%-68.75%、15.79%-68.42%、19.11%-49.68%和20.54%-59.15%;以KS_(2)处理效果最佳。本试验条件下,三七对氯不敏感,相同钾水平下,施用K_(2)SO_(4)在促进三七生长发育、产量及品质的提升方面均优于KCl;要实现三七高产优质以KS_(2)处理施钾量(675 kg/hm^(2))为宜。Field experiments were conducted to study the application effects of potassium sulfate(K_(2)SO_(4))and potassium chloride(KCl)at different potassium(K_(2)O)application levels(0,337.5,675,1012.5 kg/hm^(2))on growth and development,nutrient uptake,potassium utilization efficiency and quality of one-year-old Panax notoginseng[Panax notoginseng(Burk.)F.H.Chen].The results showed that the application of both K_(2)SO_(4) and KCl increased the plant height,leaf length,leaf width,stem diameter and biomass of Panax notoginseng,and significantly increased the yield by 7.21%-27.33%,with the highest yield in the treatment of 675 kg/hm^(2) K_(2)SO_(4)(KS_(2)).Application of K_(2)SO_(4) and KCl increased nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium accumulation of shoot and root of Panax notoginseng,and nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium accumulation of shoot and root of Panax notoginseng increased with the increase of potassium application level.The agronomic utilization rate of potassium fertilizer increased at first and then decreased,and reached the highest at 675kg/hm^(2) potassium application rate,and the partial productivity of potassium fertilizer decreased significantly with the increase of potassium application rate(P<0.05).The application of two kinds of potassium fertilizers reduced the incidence of root rot of Panax notoginseng to some extent.Compared with K_(0),the application of K_(2)SO_(4) and KCl reduced the incidence of root rot by an average of 35.80%and 28.40%,respectively.Among all potassium application treatments,KS_(2) treatment reduced the incidence of root rot the most.The application of K_(2)SO_(4) and KCl significantly increased the content of notoginsenoside R1,ginsenoside Rg1,Rd,Re,Rb1 and total saponins by 21.74%-89.13%,21.65%-57.22%,21.88%-68.75%,15.79%-68.42%,19.11%-49.68%and 20.54%-59.15%,respectively.The effect of KS_(2) treatment was the best.Under the condition of this experiment,Panax notoginseng was not sensitive to chlorine.At the same potassium level,the application of K_(2)SO_(4) was better than KC

关 键 词：三七 硫酸钾 氯化钾 产量 养分吸收 皂苷 

分 类 号：S567.236[农业科学—中草药栽培]