314份陆地棉种质资源农艺性状与品质性状的遗传多样性分析  

Genetic Diversity Analysis of Agronomy and Fiber Quality Characters in 314 Upland Cotton Germplasm Resources

作　　者：王海涛 李兴河 蔡肖[1] 唐丽媛[1] 张素君[1] 刘存敬[1] 张香云[1] 张建宏[1] Wang Haitao;Li Xinghe;Cai Xiao;Tang Liyuan;Zhang Sujun;Liu Cunjing;Zhang Xiangyun;Zhang Jianhong(Institute of Cotton,Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Breeding of Cotton in Huang-Huai-Hai Semiarid Area,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Hebei Branch of National Cotton Improvement Center,Shijiazhuang 050051,China)

机构地区：[1]河北省农林科学院棉花研究所/农业农村部黄淮海半干旱区棉花生物学与遗传育种重点实验室/国家棉花改良中心河北分中心,河北石家庄050051

出　　处：《山东农业科学》2022年第5期16-23,共8页Shandong Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：河北省重点研发计划项目“河北省棉花现代种业科技创新”(21326314D);河北省农林科学院科技创新专项课题“棉花重要性状优异基因位点挖掘及新品种选育”(2022KJCXZX-MHS-1);河北省农林科学院棉花研究所所立项目“陆地棉果枝节间长度相关标记开发和基因挖掘”(mhs202201)。

摘　　要：本研究对314份陆地棉种质资源的7个农艺性状和5个纤维品质性状进行遗传多样分析,以筛选出不同类型的优异棉花种质资源,为棉花新品种选育及其亲本选配提供一定的理论参考。结果表明,314份陆地棉种质资源具有丰富的遗传多样性,12个性状的变异系数从大到小依次为首果节长度(21.6%)>第一果枝节位高度(18.8%)>第一果枝节位(13.8%)>断裂比强度(11.9%)>株高(10.7%)>单铃重(10.2%)>子指(10.1%)>马克隆值(9.1%)>衣分(8.1%)>上半部平均长度(6.3%)>整齐度指数(2.4%)>伸长率(1.0%)。相关分析表明,上半部平均长度与整齐度指数、断裂比强度、伸长率呈极显著正相关,与马克隆值呈极显著负相关;衣分与子指、上半部平均长度、断裂比强度、伸长率呈极显著负相关,与马克隆值呈极显著正相关。主成分分析表明,前4个主成分累计贡献率达到68.39%,其中第1主成分为棉花纤维品质因子,第2主成分为植株性状因子,第3主成分为棉花产量因子。聚类分析将314份陆地棉种质资源在遗传距离3.5处划分为6大类群,第Ⅵ类群为优质材料,其中新陆中35等可用作改良棉花纤维品质的杂交亲本与高衣分材料进行杂交,新陆中10号等可与高马克隆值材料杂交改良马克隆值;第Ⅴ类群中,SJB095系、V4007系等材料如果在合理时间节点利用适宜浓度缩节胺控制株高,可实现机械化采收;第Ⅳ类群中,SJB094、ZH2015等材料可与优质材料杂交,实现品质和衣分的同步改良;第Ⅱ类群中,冀1498系等可用于改良棉花的强度;第Ⅰ类群材料可与植株高、株型紧凑的资源材料(第Ⅴ类群)进行杂交,改良棉花株型。We analyzed the genetic diversity of seven agronomic traits and five fiber quality traits in 314 upland cotton germplasm resources.It was expected to find different types of good cotton germplasms,and provide theoretical references for breeding new varieties and selecting parents.The results showed that there was abundant genetic diversity in the 314 germplasms.The twelve traits showed different levels of variation coefficients as the first fruiting node length(21.6%)>the first branch height(18.8%)>the first branch position(13.8%)>fiber strength(11.9%)>plant height(10.7%)>boll weight(10.2%)>seed index(10.1%)>micronaire value(9.1%)>lint percentage(8.1%)>upper half mean length(6.3%)>uniformity index(2.4%)>elongation ratio(1.0%).The upper half mean length was very significantly positively correlated with uniformity index,fiber strength and elongation ratio,but very significantly negatively correlated with micronaire value;the lint percentage was very significantly negatively correlated with seed index,upper half mean length,fiber strength and elongation ratio,but positively correlated with micronaire value.The cumulative contribution of the top four principal factors reached 68.39%in the principal component analysis.The first principal factor was mainly related to fiber quality,the second one was mainly related to plant traits,and the third one was mainly related to cotton yield.Through cluster analysis,the 314 cotton germplasms were classified into six groups at the genetic distance of 3.5.The cotton germplasms in theⅥcluster had good quality,and the germplasms such as Xinluzhong 35 could be used as materials to improve cotton fiber quality through crossing with materials with high lint;the germplasms such as Xinluzhong 10 could be used to improve the micronaire value through crossing with materials with high micronaire value.The germplasms such as SJB095 and V4007 lines in theⅤcluster could be used for mechanized harvesting through controlling plant height using mepiquat chloride.The germplasms such as SJB094

关 键 词：陆地棉 种质资源 农艺性状 品质性状 遗传多样性 

分 类 号：S562.037[农业科学—作物学]