航宇19小麦新品种选育及其对航天诱变育种的启示  

Breeding of a New Wheat Variety Hangyu 19 and Its Insights to Space-Flight Mutation Breeding

作　　者：张福彦[1] 陈晓杰[1] 程仲杰[1] 王嘉欢 范家霖[1] 常天佑 王翠侠 杨会霞 杨保安[1] 张建伟[1] Zhang Fuyan;Chen Xiaojie;Cheng Zhongjie;Wang Jiahuan;Fan Jialin;Chang Tianyou;Wang Cuixia;Yang Huixia;Yang Bao’an;Zhang Jianwei(Isotope Institute Co.,Ltd.,Henan Academy of Sciences/Henan Key Laboratory of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences,Zhengzhou 450015,China;Henan Hangyu Seeds Co.,Ltd.,Pingdingshan 467000,China;Zhengzhou Chengxiang Agricultural Technology Service Co.,Ltd.,Xinzheng 450000,China)

机构地区：[1]河南省科学院同位素研究所有限责任公司/河南省核农学重点实验室,河南郑州450015 [2]河南省航宇种业有限公司,河南平顶山467000 [3]郑州程祥农业科技服务有限公司,河南新郑450000

出　　处：《山东农业科学》2022年第5期30-36,共7页Shandong Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：河南省小麦产业技术体系建设专项(Z2010-01-04);河南省重点研发与推广专项(科技攻关)项目(202102110028);河南省科学院助推科技成果转化专项(210204018);河南省科学院重大科研项目聚焦专项(200104003);郑州市科技惠民计划项目(2021KJHM0034)。

摘　　要：航宇19是采用航天诱变技术和传统杂交育种相结合方法育成的半冬性、高产、中熟、综合性状优良的小麦新品种。该品种是利用高产矮秆的航天诱变突变体豫同194为母本、高产亲本周麦23为父本杂交并经系谱选育而成,2021年通过国家农作物品种审定委员会审定。2017—2019两年度黄淮南片冬水组区域试验中,航宇19平均产量为7990.5 kg/hm^(2),比对照增产4.4%;2019—2020年度生产试验中平均产量为8806.2 kg/hm^(2),比对照增产6.9%。该品种非常适宜制作馒头,但不适合制作面包。在航宇19选育中,我们的具体育种技术思路是,将航天诱变育种与常规育种技术相结合,高产育种与优质育种相结合,协调矮秆、抗病、稳产、广适性状,通过异地多点鉴定重视适应性、增强抗逆性,最终实现品种的高产稳产、优质、抗病性状的协调与同步提高。航宇19的成功选育说明航天诱变技术和传统杂交育种技术相结合是加快创制优异育种中间材料和培育小麦新品种的一条有效途径,这为未来培育突破性小麦新品种提供了有益启示。The wheat new variety Hangyu 19 was selected by combining space mutation technology with traditional cross breeding,which has been certificated with semi-winter,high yield,middle-early maturity and excellent comprehensive traits.The variety was bred with the high-yielding and dwarf space-flight mutant Yutong 194 as female parent and the high-yielding Zhoumai 23 as male parent,and was approved by the National Committee for Examination and Approval of Crop Varieties in 2021.In the 2017-2019 southern Huang-Huai winter group regional tests,its average yield was 7990.5 kg/hm^(2),which was 4.4%higher than that of CK.Its average yield in 2019-2020 production tests reached 8806.2 kg/hm^(2),which increased by 6.9%compared with CK.Hangyu 19 is very suitable for making steamed bun,but not bread.During the process of breeding Hangyu 19,we combined space-flight mutation breeding with conventional breeding technology and high-yielding breeding with high-quality breeding,coordinated the traits of dwarf,disease resistance,stable yield and wide adaptability,payed more attention to adaptability and enhanced the stress resistance through multi-point identification,finally the coordination and synchronous improvement of the variety were realized in high yield,stable yield,high quality and disease resistance.The successful breeding of Hangyu 19 indicated that the combination of space-flight mutation with traditional hybridization was an effective way to speed up the creation of excellent intermediate materials and the breeding of new wheat varieties.It also could provide useful insights for breeding new wheat varieties with breakthrough in the future.

关 键 词：航宇19 航天诱变育种 特征特性 加工品质 启示 

分 类 号：S512.103.52[农业科学—作物学]