不同栽植密度对‘天红2号/冀砧1号/八棱海棠’苹果树体生长及果实品质的影响  

Effects of Different Planting Densities on Tree Growth and Fruit Quality of‘Tianhong 2/Jizhen 1/Malus robusta Rehd’

作　　者：朱玉宁 尹宝颖[1] 沈震 付晓雅 魏欣 高美娜 井俊丽 梁博文 李中勇[1] 徐继忠[1] Zhu Yuning;Yin Baoying;Shen Zhen;Fu Xiaoya;Wei Xin;Gao Meina;Jing Junli;Liang Bowen;Li Zhongyong;Xu Jizhong(College of Horticulture,Hebei Agricultural University,Baoding 071001,China)

机构地区：[1]河北农业大学园艺学院,河北保定071001

出　　处：《山东农业科学》2022年第5期53-57,共5页Shandong Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：河北省重点研发计划项目(20326802D);财政部和农业农村部——国家现代农业产业技术体系项目(CARS-27);河北省科技厅项目(16226312D-7)。

摘　　要：以4年生‘天红2号/冀砧1号/八棱海棠’砧穗组合为试材,比较了3种栽植密度(D1,株行距1.0 m×4.0 m;D1.5,株行距1.5 m×4.0 m;D2,株行距2.0 m×4.0 m)下树体生长、叶片发育及果实品质的差异。结果表明:D2处理的树高、品种干周、冠幅显著高于D1处理,与D1.5处理除树高外差异不显著;D1.5处理的中枝比例显著高于D2处理,但不同处理间主枝数量、树冠外围新梢长度及长、短枝比例差异不显著;D1处理的果园覆盖率和叶面积指数显著高于D1.5、D2处理;随栽植密度的降低,苹果叶面积、比叶面积、叶绿素含量降低,冠层透光率明显升高。D2处理的平均单果重最大,D1.5和D2处理的可溶性固形物和可溶性糖含量、糖酸比显著高于D1处理,而可滴定酸含量显著低于D1处理。综合比较树体长势、果实品质及叶片生长指标等因素,认为株行距(1.5~2.0)m×4.0 m是‘天红2号/冀砧1号/八棱海棠’砧穗组合的适宜栽植密度。The 4-year rootstock-scion combination of‘Tianhong 2/Jizhen 1/Malus robusta Rehd’was used as test material,and three planting densities were set as 1.0 m×4.0 m(D1),1.5 m×4.0 m(D1.5),2.0 m×4.0 m(D2)of spacings between plants and rows in this experiment.The tree growth,leaf development and fruit quality of apple under the three densities were compared.The results showed D2 treatment had significant differences with D1 treatment in tree height,trunk circumference of variety and crown width,but had no significant differences with D1.5 treatment except tree height.The proportion of medium branches under D1.5 treatment was significantly higher than that of D2 treatment.The number of main branches,the length of new shoots outside crown and the proportion of long and short branches were not significantly different between different planting densities.The cover rate of orchard and leaf area index under D1 treatment was significantly higher than that under D1.5 and D2 treatments.With the decrease of planting density,the apple leaf area,specific leaf area and chlorophyll content decreased,while the canopy light transmittance increased obviously.The average single fruit weight was the highest under D2 treatment,and the contents of soluble solids and soluble sugars and the ratio of soluble sugar to titratable acid were significantly higher under D1.5 and D2 treatments compared to D1 treatment,while the titratable acid content was significantly lower.Comprehensively considering factors such as tree growth,fruit quality and leaf growth indicators,the plant-row spacing of(1.5~2.0)m×4.0 m were the appropriate planting densities for the rootstock-scion combination of‘Tianhong 2/Jizhen 1/Malus robusta Rehd’.

关 键 词：苹果 栽植密度 树体生长 果实品质 

分 类 号：S661.101[农业科学—果树学]