水氮耦合对沙培黄瓜光合生理特性的影响  

Effects of Water-Nitrogen Coupling on Photosynthetic Physiological Characteristics of Sand-Cultured Cucumber

作　　者：马新超 轩正英 杨宏基 张凯浩 高亚宁 谭占明 王旭峰[2] Ma Xinchao;Xuan Zhengying;Yang Hongji;Zhang Kaihao;Gao Yaning;Tan Zhanming;Wang Xufeng(College of Horticulture and Forestry,Tarim University/National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of High-Efficiency and Good Quality Cultivation and Deep Processing Technology of Characteristic Fruit Trees in Southern Xinjiang,Alar 843300,China;College of Mechanical Electrification Engineering,Tarim University,Alar 843300,China)

机构地区：[1]塔里木大学园艺与林学学院/南疆特色果树高效优质栽培与深加工技术国家地方联合工程实验室,新疆阿拉尔843300 [2]塔里木大学机械电气化工程学院,新疆阿拉尔843300

出　　处：《山东农业科学》2022年第5期110-119,共10页Shandong Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：新疆生产建设兵团南疆重点产业支撑计划项目(2019DB001);新疆生产建设兵团科技攻关项目(2018DB003);塔里木大学研究生创新训练项目(TDGRI202023)。

摘　　要：本试验以“优胜美”水果黄瓜为试材,设置灌水水平和施氮量两因素,采用二次饱和D-最优设计,共设7个处理,测定分析不同处理沙培黄瓜叶片的净光合速率、叶绿素含量、光响应特征参数、RuBP羧化酶活性等指标,以明确水氮耦合对日光温室沙培黄瓜光合生理特性的影响。结果表明:低施氮量处理黄瓜叶片各项光合生理指标和干物质积累量均较低,胞间CO_(2)浓度增大;增加灌水水平和施氮量均可提高叶片净光合速率、蒸腾速率,且高水高氮下能获得最高的蒸腾速率,适宜的灌水水平下增施氮肥能获得较大的净光合速率、气孔导度值、瞬时水分利用效率、叶绿素含量和RuBP羧化酶活性。灌水水平为80.20%~100%、施氮量为623~1250 kg/hm^(2)的各处理可以有效改善叶片光响应特征;灌水水平和施氮量与总干物质积累量之间呈开口向下的抛物线趋势,但灌水水平对总干物质积累量的影响并不显著。通过对沙培黄瓜叶片光合生理指标与干物质积累量的相关性分析可知,进入初瓜期后黄瓜叶片净光合速率、蒸腾速率、叶绿素含量及光响应特征参数与其干物质积累量有明显的正相关关系。本试验条件下,T4处理为最优水氮耦合方案(即灌水水平80.20%、施氮量623 kg/hm^(2)),该方案在减少投入的同时能提高对光能的利用率、叶绿素含量和RuBP羧化酶活性,提升沙培黄瓜叶片的光合作用能力,进而提高黄瓜干物质积累量。In order to clarify the effects of water-nitrogen coupling on photosynthetic physiological characteristics of sand-cultured cucumber in greenhouses,the experiment was conducted with Yosemite fruit cucumber as test material,and seven treatments were set by the second saturation D-optimal design with irrigation level and nitrogen application rate as factors.The net photosynthetic rate(Pn),chlorophyll content,light response characteristic parameters,RuBP carboxylase and other indicators were measured and analyzed.The results showed that low nitrogen application rate inhibited the photosynthetic physiological indicators and dry matter accumulation of cucumber leaves,but increased the intercellular CO_(2) concentration.Increasing both irrigation level and nitrogen rate could increase the Pn and transpiration rate(Tr),and the highest Tr could be obtained under high irrigation level and high nitrogen rate.The application of nitrogen fertilizer combined with appropriate irrigation level could obtain larger Pn,stomatal conductance(Gs),instantaneous water use efficiency,chlorophyll content and RuBP carboxylase activity.When the irrigation level was 80.20%~100%and the nitrogen application rate was 623~1250 kg/hm^(2),the leaf light response characteristics could be effectively improved.The relationship of irrigation level and nitrogen application rate with total dry matter accumulation showed downward parabolic trends,but the effect of irrigation level on total dry matter accumulation was not significant.The correlation analysis showed that Pn,Tr,chlorophyll content and light response characteristic parameters had significant positive correlations with dry matter accumulation after entering the primary melon stage.Under the experimental conditions,the T4 treatment(irrigation level as 80.20%and nitrogen application rate as 623 kg/hm^(2))was the optimal water-nitrogen coupling scheme,which could reduce the input but increasing the utilization rate of light energy,chlorophyll content and RuBP carboxylase activity,and improve th

关 键 词：水氮耦合 沙培黄瓜 光合特性 光响应参数 叶绿素含量 RUBP羧化酶 

分 类 号：S642.201[农业科学—蔬菜学]