含木醋液水溶肥对小麦根腐病的防治效果研究  

Control Effect of Water Soluble Fertilizer Containing Wood Vinegar on Wheat Root Rot

作　　者：刘苹[1] 李庆凯 李燕[1] 张玉凤[1] 赵海军[3] 林海涛[1] 沈玉文[1] 宋效宗[1] 刘开昌[3] Liu Ping;Li Qingkai;Li Yan;Zhang Yufeng;Zhao Haijun;Lin Haitao;Shen Yuwen;Song Xiaozong;Liu Kaichang(Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment,Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment of Huang-Huai-Hai Plain,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Shandong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Environmental Protection Fertilizers;Shandong Agricultural Engineering University,Jinan 250100,China;Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Jinan 250100,China)

机构地区：[1]山东省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所/农业农村部黄淮海平原农业环境重点实验室/山东省环保肥料工程技术研究中心,山东济南250100 [2]山东农业工程学院,山东济南250100 [3]山东省农业科学院,山东济南250100

出　　处：《山东农业科学》2022年第5期146-150,共5页Shandong Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFD0300602,2017YFD0301002);国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201503112);山东省农业科学院农业科技创新工程项目(CXGC2021A07,CXGC2021A34,CXGC2022A08)。

摘　　要：本试验采用盆栽接菌法研究自制含木醋液水溶肥的小麦根腐病防效及对土壤酶活性、土壤速效养分含量、小麦生长和产量等的影响,并与具有抗病功能的两种市售水溶肥产品以及纯木醋液进行比较,以期为其田间应用提供理论依据。结果表明,自制含木醋液水溶肥对病原菌的抑制效果最好,对小麦根腐病的防效为51.62%,显著提高小麦根部土壤酶活性和速效养分含量,促进小麦生长,与对照相比,脲酶、中性磷酸酶、蔗糖酶活性分别提高9.24%、51.03%、5.44%,中性磷酸酶活性显著高于含腐植酸水溶肥和小麦专用水溶肥处理;碱解氮、有效磷和有效钾含量分别比对照增加20.95%、55.72%、29.69%,有效磷和有效钾的含量均显著高于小麦专用水溶肥处理。自制含木醋液水溶肥处理比含腐植酸水溶肥增产7.71%,比小麦专用水溶肥增产16.06%。综合来看,自制含木醋液水溶肥的小麦根腐病防效、改良土壤和增产作用最为明显。The effects of self-made water soluble fertilizer containing wood vinegar on controlling wheat root rot,soil enzyme activity,available nutrients contents and wheat growth and yield were studied by pot inoculation experiment,and were compared with those of two commercially available water soluble fertilizer products and pure wood vinegar,in order to provide theoretical bases for field application.The results showed that the self-made water soluble fertilizer containing wood vinegar had the best inhibitory effect on wheat root rot pathogen with the control effect as 51.62%;it significantly increased the rezosphere soil enzymes activities and available nutrients contents,and promoted the growth of wheat.Compared with the control,the activities of urease,neutral phosphatase and sucrase increased by 9.24%,51.03%and 5.44%,respectively.The activity of nutral phosphatase was significantly higher than that of humic acid soluble fertilizer and wheat specific water soluble fertilizer.The content of alkali-hydrolyzed N,available P and available K increased by 20.95%,55.72%and 29.69%,respectively,compared with the control,and the contents of available P and available K were significantly higher than those of wheat specific water soluble fertilizer.Compared with the humic acid soluble fertilizer and wheat specific water soluble fertilizer,the self-made water soluble fertilizer containing wood vinegar increased wheat yield by 7.71%and 16.06%,respectively.In general,the self-made water soluble fertilizer containing wood vinegar had the most obvious effects on controlling wheat root rot,improving soil and increasing yield.

关 键 词：含木醋液水溶肥 小麦根腐病 相对防效 土壤酶活性 

分 类 号：S435.121.47[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]