基于小孔节流原理的高楼逃生缓降器设计与仿真  

Design and simulation of high-rise escape descent device based on orifice throttling principle

作　　者：鲁义 杨宇轩 邵淑珍 贺伟林 王伟 颜晓雯 LU Yi;YANG Yuxuan;SHAO Shuzhen;HE Weilin;WANG Wei;YAN Xiaowen(School of Resource Environment&Safety Engineering,Hunan University of Science and Technology,Xiangtan Hunan 411201,China;Hunan Yourfield Special Protective Equipment Co.,Ltd.,Xiangtan Hunan 411201,China;Shanghai Fire Science and Technology Research Institute of MEM,Shanghai 200032,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南科技大学资源环境与安全工程学院,湖南湘潭411201 [2]湖南永霏特种防护用品有限公司,湖南湘潭411201 [3]应急管理部上海消防研究所,上海200032

出　　处：《中国安全科学学报》2022年第5期55-60,共6页China Safety Science Journal

基　　金：湖南省重点研发计划项目(2022GK2042);湖湘青年英才项目(2020RC3047);湖南省教育厅优秀青年项目(20B230);上海市青年科技启明星计划(20QB1401000)。

摘　　要：针对现有缓降器存在体积庞大、结构复杂、速度不可控等缺点,设计一款全新的可控速高楼逃生缓降器。首先,推导出缓降器的下降速度与节流小孔孔径之间的关系;然后,利用AMESim软件建立缓降器的动力学模型,仿真模拟不同负载、不同节流孔径下缓降器的下降速度;最后,仿真分析确定节流小孔通径安全调节范围,并通过调节串联在2液压缸之间的节流小孔孔径大小,达到变速缓降的目的。结果表明:该缓降器结构简单、体积小巧,使用者可根据逃生需求在节流孔径1~6 mm内任意调节缓降器的下降速度,且速度不超过1.5 m/s。针对不同体重的使用对象,该缓降器的速度变化幅度始终趋于稳定,极大地提升了缓降器的适用性和安全性。In order to address shortcomings of existing descent devices,such as large volume,complex structure and uncontrollable speed,a new high-rise escape device with controllable speed was designed.Firstly,relationship between its descent speed and orifice diameter was deduced.Then,a dynamic model of the device was established by using AMESim software,and its descent speed was simulated under different loads and different throttling apertures.Finally,safe adjustment range of orifice diameter was determined through simulation analysis,and purpose of variable speed and slow descent was achieved by adjusting orifice diameter of throttle holes connected in series between two hydraulic cylinders.The results show that the new descent device features simple structure and small volume,allowing users to freely adjust its descent speed within throttling aperture of 1-6 mm according to escape demand,with a maximum speed of no more than 1.5 m/s.For objects with different weights,the speed change range always tends to be stable,which greatly improves applicability and safety of the descent device.

关 键 词：小孔节流 高楼逃生 缓降器 液压缸 下降速度 

分 类 号：X952[环境科学与工程—安全科学]