二氧化硅凝胶泡沫材料制备及阻燃性能研究  

Preparation and flame retardant properties of silica gel foam

作　　者：巩亚文 刘应春 景明举 张英楠 张彬 GONG Yawen;LIU Yingchun;JING Mingju;ZHANG Yingnan;ZHANG Bin(College of Safety Science and Engineering,Nanjing Tech University,Nanjing Jiangsu 211816,China)

机构地区：[1]南京工业大学安全科学与工程学院,江苏南京211816

出　　处：《中国安全科学学报》2022年第5期127-133,共7页China Safety Science Journal

基　　金：“江苏特聘教授”计划;南京工业大学引进人才科研启动专项经费资助;2020年南京市留学人员科技创新项目;江苏省研究生科研与实践创新计划(KYCX20_1116)。

摘　　要：为解决二氧化硅凝胶泡沫材料黏度低和稳定性差等问题,研究制备一种以复合发泡剂、稳泡剂、硅酸钠溶液和乙酸为原料的二氧化硅凝胶泡沫。首先,采用溶胶-凝胶法和正交试验研究硅酸钠溶液交联体系与复配发泡剂的性能;然后,采用博勒飞黏度计测试不同配比凝胶的成胶时间及黏度,选出适合固体可燃物(木材)阻燃的凝胶配比;最后,采用同步热重(TG)分析仪进行现场试验,测试凝胶泡沫对固体可燃物(木材)的阻燃特性。结果表明:二氧化硅凝胶泡沫对木材有良好的阻燃效果;凝胶在成胶过程中可粘结在固体可燃物(木材)的表面;在空气气氛下,木材的残炭率几乎为0,而木材@凝胶泡沫体系试验结束后的残炭率约为48.63%,且在现场木材燃烧试验中,木材比凝胶处理后的木材失重率多46%,说明二氧化硅凝胶泡沫有较好的阻燃性能。In order to solve problems of low viscosity and poor stability of silica gel foam materials,a silica gel foam was prepared by using composite foaming agent,foam stabilizer,sodium silicate solution and acetic acid as raw materials.Firstly,sol-gel method and orthogonal test were used to study properties of sodium silicate solution's crosslinking system and compound foaming agent.Secondly,gelling time and viscosity of gels at different proportions were tested by Brookfield viscometer,and gel ratio suitable for solid combustibles(wood)was selected.Subsequently,on-site experiments were conducted by utilizing synchronous thermogravimetric(TG)analyzer to study flame retardant properties of gel foam on wood.The results show that silica gel foam has good flame retardant effect on wood combustion.The gel could be bonded to surface of solid combustibles(wood)during gelation process.In air atmosphere,carbon residue rate of wood is almost zero,while that for wood@gel foam system after experiment is about 48.63%,and according to the field wood burning tests,the wood's weight loss rate is 46%higher than gel-treated wood,indicating that the gel foam has better flame retardancy.

关 键 词：二氧化硅凝胶泡沫 阻燃性能 热重(TG) 热稳定性 成胶时间 

分 类 号：X932[环境科学与工程—安全科学]