西部地区惠农基础设施建设对不同农作物单产和要素投入的影响研究  

Impact of Preferential Agricultural Infrastructure Construction on Unit Production and Factor Input of Different Crops in Western China

作　　者：刘杜若[1] Liu Duruo(Institute of Foreign Economic Research,Guizhou Academy of Social Sciences,Guiyang 550002,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州省社会科学院对外经济研究所,贵州贵阳550002

出　　处：《洛阳师范学院学报》2022年第5期61-68,共8页Journal of Luoyang Normal University

基　　金：国家社会科学基金西部项目(15XGL004)。

摘　　要：将西部地区主要农作物划分为以玉米为表征的粮食作物和以油菜为表征的经济作物,从西部地区农业的交通通信类基础设施、能源类基础设施和水利类基础设施3个方面,研究其对西部地区不同农作物单产和要素投入的影响.通过构建跨期利润函数模型,采用似不相关方法检验了西部地区2000—2017年惠农基础设施建设对不同种类农作物单产和要素投入关系.研究发现,(1)单产方面,西部地区交通通信类、能源类和水利类基础设施对玉米单产产生了负向冲击,交通通信类和能源类基础设施对油菜单产影响分别是正U形和倒U形.(2)要素投入方面,西部地区交通通信类、能源类和水利类基础设施降低了玉米种植的劳动力投入,能源类和水利类基础设施降低了油菜种植的劳动力投入.(3)西部地区地形地貌特征和两种农作物的盈利特性、生长特性等因素对各类惠农基础设施异质性效用的发挥有关键作用.建议对西部地区惠农基础设施投入要进一步提升“因地制宜”和“因苗制宜”程度,同时完善上下游配套产业建设,从而最大化发挥基础设施建设对农业生产效率和要素优化配置的提升作用.By distinguishing the grain crops characterized by corn and the economic crops characterized by rape,this paper studies the impact of infrastructure construction on unit production and factor input of different crops in western China underlying infrastructures of agricultural transportation and communication,energy and water conservancy.An inter-temporal profit function model was constructed and the seemingly unrelated method used to test the relationship between preferential agricultural infrastructure construction and unit production and production factor input in western China from 2000 to 2017.The results show that,(1)the infrastructure of transportation and communication,energy and water conservancy had a negative impact on the unit production of corns,while the impact of infrastructures of transportation and communication and energy on the unit production of wheat was positive U-shaped and inverted U-shaped respectively.(2)The infrastructure of transportation and communication,energy and water conservancy in the western China reduced the labor input of corn planting,while the infrastructure of energy and water conservancy reduced the labor input of wheat planting.(3)The topography of western China and the profit and growth characteristics of the two crops play a key role in the heterogeneous utility of agricultural infrastructure.It is concluded that the investment in agricultural infrastructure in the western China should further“adjust measures to local conditions and plant characteristics”,and improve the construction of upstream and downstream supporting industries,so as to maximize the role of infrastructure construction in improving agricultural production efficiency and optimizing the allocation of factors.

关 键 词：西部地区 惠农基础设施 单产 要素投入 跨期利润函数模型 

分 类 号：F327[经济管理—产业经济]