“双碳”目标视域下的用能权权利属性分析  

Analyzing the legal attributes of energy⁃consuming rights from the perspective of the‘dual carbon’goals

作　　者：邓海峰[1] 陈英达 DENG Haifeng;CHEN Yingda(Law School,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China)

机构地区：[1]清华大学法学院,北京100084

出　　处：《中国人口·资源与环境》2022年第4期66-72,共7页China Population,Resources and Environment

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“国际海底区域资源用益制度的法经济学研究”(批准号:19BFX214);清华大学自主科研计划文科专项“国际海底区域资源开发用益的法律路径研究”(批准号:2019THZWLJ03)。

摘　　要：用能权及其交易制度是促进节能降耗,优化能源结构,完善能源市场建设,实现“双碳”目标的重要制度安排,其作用路径是利用市场机制进行资源的有效配置,通过能源消费市场的构建,实现能源消费总量和强度的“双控”。用能权的权利属性会制约权利的初始配置、交易规则及制度发展方向,在当前国家大力推动用能权交易市场建设的背景之下,明晰用能权的权利属性尤为关键。用能权的本质是在能源使用权之上加载公共利益之社会负担而形成的权利,其设立要义是对能源使用权导入以“双碳”目标为核心的公共利益诉求。作为用能权权利客体的能量,能够体现不同类型能源之间做功能力的不同以及负外部性的强弱差异,并且具有可计量、可特定化的性质。以能量为逻辑基点展开论证,可以得出用能权能够被归入准物权的结论。具体表现为:其一,用能权的创设需公权力介入,用能权的权利取得以获取行政许可为必要;其二,作为权利客体的能量能够通过科学手段被精确测定,具有特定化的可能;其三,与传统物权相比,用能权的占有和支配权能虽有一定的特殊性,但并未影响其排他性的成立。因此,确立用能权的准物权属性,有助于完善其具体的制度构成,有利于最大程度地实现用能权交易制度的预期功能,并为将其纳入环境法典的能源可持续开发利用制度群奠定理论基础。The energy-consuming right trading scheme is an important institutional arrangement for promoting energy conservation and consumption reduction,optimizing the energy structure,improving energy market construction,and achieving the‘dual carbon’goals.The scheme uses market mechanisms to effectively allocate resources.The goal of the scheme is to build an energy consumption market,achieve dual control of total energy consumption and intensity,and establish a clean and efficient modern energy system.The right attri⁃bute will affect the initial allocation,trading rules,and development direction of the system.Under the current background that China vigorously promotes the construction of the energy-consuming right trading market,it is particularly critical to clarify the right attri⁃butes.Energy-consuming rights are formed by loading the social burden of the public interest on the right to use energy.The essence of energy-consuming rights is to add public interest appeals centered on the‘dual carbon’goals to energy use rights.Energy,as the right object,can reflect the differences in functional power and the strength of negative externalities between different types of energy.In ad⁃dition,it has quantifiable and specifiable properties.Using energy as the basis of the argument and through the investigation of the ways of obtaining energy-consuming rights and the characterization of the quasi-property rights of the right object,this study concludes that the energy-consuming right is a quasi-real right.Specifically,first,the creation of energy-consuming rights requires the intervention of public power,which is manifested in the fact that energy-consuming rights need to be obtained through an administrative license;sec⁃ond,energy can be accurately measured by scientific means,thus showing specificity;and third,compared with traditional property rights,the possession and dominance properties of energy-consuming rights have certain peculiarities but do not affect the characteris⁃tics of exclusivity.Therefore

关 键 词：用能权 权利属性 准物权 

分 类 号：D912.[政治法律—法学]