“双碳”目标实现的矿产资源法回应  

Response of the Mineral Resources Law to the achievement of the‘dual carbon’goals

作　　者：曹宇[1] 张琪[2] 李显冬 CAO Yu;ZHANG Qi;LI Xiandong(Law School,Inner Mongolia University,Hohhot Inner Mongolia 010021,China;Law School,Zhongnan University of Economics and Law,Wuhan Hubei 430073,China;School of Economics and Management,China University of Geosciences(Beijing),Beijing 100083,China;Civil,Commercial and Economic Law School,China University of Political Science and Law,Beijing 100088,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古大学法学院,内蒙古呼和浩特010021 [2]中南财经政法大学法学院,湖北武汉430073 [3]中国地质大学(北京)经济管理学院,北京100083 [4]中国政法大学民商经济法学院,北京100088

出　　处：《中国人口·资源与环境》2022年第4期73-79,共7页China Population,Resources and Environment

基　　金：内蒙古自治区高等学校青年科技英才支持计划(批准号:NJYT-19-B03);内蒙古自治区“草原英才”工程青年创新创业人才计划。

摘　　要：“双碳”目标的实现是矿产资源法治完善的新时代要求。矿产资源法作为我国矿产资源开发利用以及保护的基本法,恰逢修订的历史节点,有必要也必须要为“双碳”目标的实现提供有力的法律支持。矿产资源法修订提供了从立法理念、矿产资源勘查、开采以及矿区生态修复等板块回应“双碳”目标实现的立法选择。立法理念层面,生态文明建设蕴含的“双碳”之意对矿产资源法的修订以及适用产生根本性的影响。“双碳”目标的实现是矿业领域贯彻落实习近平生态文明思想的应有之义,是矿产资源高质量开发利用的基本要求。勘查方面,保障矿产资源勘查投入与确定重要矿产资源名录是关键的制度抓手。强化“探转采”规则,细化“直通车”模式;重置探矿权出让收益体系,突出竞争性成本。开采方面,矿产资源开采过程中的碳排放无法避免,但是资源利用率的提高,不仅是减碳的重要方式,更是提升矿产资源安全的关键举措,是从环境与资源两个层面助力“双碳”目标的重要路径。综合利用激励与科技创新驱动是回应的重点制度。明确共伴生矿产资源的认定,避免“综合利用”嬗变为“非法采矿”,关注矿产资源综合利用财税支持的制度优化。矿区生态修复方面,正视矿区生态修复作为矿产资源开发利用无法避免的负外部性的积极应对,明确其是我国矿政管理的实践重点以及矿产资源法治建设的重点。突出多元化、多层化的矿区生态修复法律体系建设,保持与其他法律渊源的沟通与衔接,尤其需关注环境法典编纂。Achieving the goals of peaking carbon dioxide emissions and carbon neutrality is the requirement of the new era to improve the implementation of the Mineral Resources Law.As the basic law for the development,utilization,and protection of mineral resources in China,the Mineral Resources Law is currently under major revision,which would be supplemented to provide strong legal support for the realization of the‘dual carbon’goals.The revision of the Mineral Resources Law provides legislative options to respond to the real⁃ization of the‘dual carbon’goals from legislative concepts,mineral resource exploration,mining,and ecological restoration of mining areas.In terms of legislative concepts,the implications of the‘dual carbon’goals contained in the idea of ecological civilization con⁃struction have a fundamental impact on the revision and application of the Mineral Resources Law.The realization of the‘dual carbon’goals is a necessity of the application of the Xi Jinping Thought on Ecological Civilization in the mining field,and it is the basic require⁃ment for the high-quality development of mineral resources.In terms of exploration,ensuring investment in mineral resource exploration and determining the list of important mineral resources are key institutional starting points.The former highlights the modification of the rules for transferring the mineral exploration right to the mining right rule and the simplification of the transferring process,thus re⁃setting the revenue system for the assignment of mineral exploration right and highlighting the competitive cost.The latter clarifies the identification of associated mineral resources,avoids the transformation of‘comprehensive utilization’into‘illegal mining’,and pays attention to the system optimization of fiscal and taxation support for the comprehensive utilization of mineral resources.In terms of min⁃ing,although carbon emissions during the mining of mineral resources cannot be avoided,the improvement of resource utilization is

关 键 词：碳达峰 碳中和 矿产资源法 探矿权 采矿权 环境法典 

分 类 号：D922.6[政治法律—环境与资源保护法学]