空气细颗粒物中金属污染物的风险评估  

Risk assessment of metal pollutants in fine particulate matter

作　　者：郝欣欣 HAO Xin-xin(Shandong Weifang ecological environment monitoring center,Weifang 261041,China)

机构地区：[1]山东省潍坊生态环境监测中心,山东潍坊261041

出　　处：《世界有色金属》2022年第5期175-177,共3页World Nonferrous Metals

摘　　要：目的:确定工业区地铁站台、隧道周边细颗粒物质量浓度及其金属污染物特征,评估可能对公众健康造成的风险。方法:采用滤膜过滤法采集地铁站台和隧道PM2.5样品,计算质量浓度;电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)用于检测颗粒物中的金属污染物;美国环境保护署(EPA)建议使用健康风险评估模型来评估公共健康风险。结果:隧道和地铁站台的平均PM2.5浓度分别为142.1μg/m^(3)和114.81μg/m,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。在PM2.5中,铬已被检测为金属污染物。钴(Co)、镍(Ni)、砷(As)、镉(cd)、隧道PM2.5、Cr、Co、Ni、As浓度均高于平台(P<0.05),差异在Cd浓度无统计学意义(P>0.05);地铁站中Cr和As的致癌风险范围为10^(-6)到10^(-4),该物质被认为是潜在风险。结论隧道、地铁站台PM2.5浓度高于国家环境空气质量标准(GB3095-2012),地铁站PM2.5污染更严重;PM2.5富含金属污染物;地铁站存在Cr和As的潜在风险。为降低风险,应采取加强地铁空气质量控制、增加新风量等措施。Objective:to determine the mass concentration of fine particles and the characteristics of metal pollutants around subway platforms and tunnels in industrial areas,and to evaluate the possible risks to public health.Methods:the subway platform and tunnel were collected by membrane filtration method PM2.5 samples,calculate the mass concentration;Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(ICP-MS)is used to detect metal pollutants in particulate matter;The US Environmental Protection Agency(EPA)recommends using a health risk assessment model to assess public health risks.Results:the average of tunnel and subway platform PM2.5 concentration respectively 142.1μg/m^(3) and 114.81μg/m,there was no significant difference(P>0.05).In PM2.5 medium,chromium has been detected as a metal pollutant.Cobalt(CO),nickel(Ni),arsenic(as),cadmium(CD),tunnel PM2.5.The concentrations of Cr,Co,Ni and as were higher than the platform(P<0.05),and the difference was not statistically significant in the concentration of CD(P>0.05);The carcinogenic risk range of Cr and as in subway stations is 10^(-6) to 10^(-4),the substance is considered a potential risk.Conclusion:tunnel and subway platform PM2.5.The concentration is higher than the national ambient air quality standard(GB3095-2012),and the subway station PM2.5.More serious pollution;PM2.5 rich in metal pollutants;As and potential risks of subway stations.In order to reduce risks,measures such as strengthening subway air quality control and increasing fresh air volume should be taken.

关 键 词：空气细颗粒物 PM2.5金属污染物 风险评估 

分 类 号：U231[交通运输工程—道路与铁道工程]