新疆荒漠绿洲区越冬亚洲玉米螟病原真菌种类鉴定及多样性分析  

Species Identification and Diversity Analysis of Pathogenic Fungi Infecting Overwintering Ostrinia furnacalis in Xinjiang Oasis

作　　者：蒋旭东 丁新华[3] 王小武 付开赟 袁梓涵 吐尔逊·阿合买提[3] 何江[3] 贾尊尊 郭文超[2] 王志方[2] 杨新平[2] 代金平[2] 谢玉清[2] 周留艳 冯蕾[2] JIANG Xudong;DING Xinhua;WANG Xiaowu;FU Kaiyun;YUAN Zihan;TOULXUN Ahemaiti;HE Jiang;JIA Zunzun;GUO Wenchao;WANG Zhifang;YANG Xinping;DAI Jinping;XIE Yuqing;ZHOU Liuyan;FENG Lei(College of Agriculture,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830052,China;Institute of Microbiology Application,Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Microbiology for Special Environments,Urumqi 830091,China;Institute of Plant Protection,Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Northwest Desert,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Oasis Crop Pests,Urumqi 830091,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学农学院,乌鲁木齐830052 [2]新疆农业科学院微生物应用研究所/新疆特殊环境微生物重点实验室,乌鲁木齐830091 [3]新疆农业科学院植物保护研究所/农业农村部西北荒漠绿洲作物有害生物综合治理重点实验室,乌鲁木齐830091

出　　处：《中国生物防治学报》2022年第1期18-28,共11页Chinese Journal of Biological Control

基　　金：新疆农业科学院青年科技骨干创新能力培养项目(xjnkq-2020021)。

摘　　要：为探明新疆荒漠绿洲区越冬亚洲玉米螟病原真菌多样性,2019—2020年采集了新疆5个地/州6个县/市185个样点的越冬玉米螟幼虫,进行病原真菌分离、鉴定。2年共获被感染越冬玉米螟幼虫534个,分离出136株昆虫病原真菌,隶属于7目7科9属14种。其中,红绶曲霉Aspergillusnomius(22.1%)、球孢白僵菌Beauveriabassiana(19.9%)、镰孢霉Fusariumsp.为优势种,相对分离频率(RDF)分别为22.1%、19.9%和13.2%;花腐镰孢菌Fusarium anthophilum(9.6%)、波兰青霉菌Penicillium polonicum(2.9%)、雷斯青霉菌Penicillium raistrickii(1.5%)、渐狭蜡蚧菌Lecanicillium attenuatum(6.6%)、木贼镰孢菌Fusarium equiseti(3.7%)、层出镰孢菌Fusarium proliferatum(2.2%)、多头被孢霉Mortierella polycephala(5.9%)、链格孢菌Alternaria alternata(5.2%)、直立枝顶孢霉Acremonium strictum(2.9%)、C. perangustum(3.68%)为常见种;腐皮镰孢菌Fusarium solani(0.7%)为稀有种。乌鲁木齐市新市区昆虫病原真菌相对多度最高(41.4%),昌吉州昌吉市次之(21.4%),喀什地区疏勒县(11.4%)最低;伊犁州霍尔果斯市病原真菌丰富度、多样性指数和均匀度均较高;昌吉州昌吉市与乌鲁木齐新市区、伊犁州新源县与昌吉州昌吉市及伊犁州霍尔果斯市与喀什地区疏勒县的越冬玉米螟病原真菌中等相似。2年真菌致死率最高的均为乌鲁木齐新市区,分别为28%和14.6%,2019年各采集地区间亚洲玉米螟感染优势病原真菌致死率差异性均显著,2020年各采集地区玉米螟感染白僵菌属致死率差异性显著,而曲霉属和镰刀菌属无显著差异性。本研究结果为保护与利用当地真菌资源,促进亚洲玉米螟绿色可持续控制具有重要意义。The diversity of pathogenic fungi resources of overwintering Ostrinia furnacalis in Xinjiang oasis was investigated from 2019 to 2020 at 185 sampling sites in 6 counties/cities from 5 prefectures in Xinjiang. A total of 136 entomopathogenic pathogens were isolated and identified from 534 collected specimens, which are from 7 orders, 7 families, 9 genus and 14 species. Among them, Aspergillus nomius(22.1%), Beauveria bassiana(19.9%),and Fusarium sp.(13.2%) were dominant species;Fusarium anthophilum(9.6%), Penicillium polonicum(2.9%),Penicillium raistrickii(1.5%), Lecanicillium attenuatum(6.6%), Fusarium equiseti(3.7%), Fusarium proliferatum(2.2%), Mortierella polycephala(5.9%), Alternaria alternata(5.2%), Acremonium strictum(2.9%) were common species;Fusarium solani(0.7%) was a rare species. The relative abundance index of the fungi was the most in District of Xinshi in Urumqi city(41.4%), followed by Changji City in Changji Prefecture(21.4%), Horgos City in Ili Prefecture(15.0%), and Shule County in Kashgar Prefecture(11.4%). The richness index ranked in order of Horgos City, Yili Prefecture(10)>Shule County, Kashgar Prefecture(6)>District of Xinshi in Urumqi City(5)>Changji City in Changji Prefecture(4). Both diversity and evenness index were high in Khorgos, whereas those of Changji City in Changji Prefecture and the District of Xinshi in Urumqi, Xinyuan County in Ili Prefecture and Changji Prefecture in Changji Prefecture, and Huoerguosi City in Yili Prefecture and Shule County in Kashgar Prefecture were similar. In the two years 2019 and 2020, the highest mortalities(28% and 14%, respectively)resulted from the fungi were recorded in Xinshi District in Urumqi. In 2019, the mortalities from dominant pathogenic fungi differed significantly among the locations;in 2020, the mortalities with Beauveria were significantly different among the locations, while those with Aspergillus and Fusarium did not differ significantly.These results are significant for developing microbial control agents with local pathogenic fung

关 键 词：新疆 玉米螟 病原真菌 多样性 

分 类 号：Q969.496.8[生物学—昆虫学] S476.2[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]