两个山羊品种MHC基因外显子3的遗传变异分析及与生长性能的相关性  

Genetic Variation Analysis of Exon3 of MHC Gene and Its Correlation with Growth Performance in Two Goat(Capra hircus)Breeds

作　　者：孙旺斌[1] 王伟萍 黄艳 宋晓越 张迪 尚佳乐 长孙伟光 李增辉 SUN Wang-Bin;WANG Wei-Ping;HUANG Yan;SONG Xiao-Yue;ZHANG Di;SHANG Jia-Le;ZHANGSUN Wei-Guang;LI Zeng-Hui(Shaanxi Province Engineering&Technology Research Center of Shanbei Cashmere Goats,Yulin University,Yulin 719000,China;Yuyang District Animal Disease Prevention and Control Center,Yulin 719000,China)

机构地区：[1]榆林学院陕西省陕北绒山羊工程技术研究中心,榆林719000 [2]榆阳区动物疫病预防控制中心,榆林719000

出　　处：《农业生物技术学报》2022年第5期935-943,共9页Journal of Agricultural Biotechnology

基　　金：陕西省高校科协青年人才托举计划项目(20190208);榆林学院博士科研启动项目(17GK22);榆林市科技计划项目(2019-103-4)。

摘　　要：陕北白绒山羊(Capra hircus)和子午岭黑山羊是陕北地区山羊的主要品种,但其生长性能均有待提升,特别是后者的存栏量骤减,急需明确其群体遗传变异情况。主要组织相容性复合体(major histocompatibility complex,MHC)基因的遗传变异可评估种群遗传多样性水平,且与家畜体尺性状有关。为探究陕北白绒山羊和子午岭黑山羊的MHC基因外显子3的多态性,评估子午岭黑山羊种群发展趋势,并明晰陕北白绒山羊MHC基因与生长性能和产绒性状的相关性,本研究利用扩增子高通量测序方法,对600只陕北白绒山羊和30只子午岭黑山羊的MHC基因外显子3进行遗传变异分析及与生长性能的相关性研究。结果共获得2种MHC基因的外显子3序列,包括4条DQA1等位基因序列和22条DQB2等位基因序列;子午岭黑山羊的杂合度和多态性均较低,种群发展趋势不乐观,需采取有效的保护措施;而陕北白绒山羊多态性较高,且DQA1基因的BB基因型在十字部高和毛长指标方面都显著高于其他2种基因型(P=0.035,P=0.021)、AA基因型对应的绒细度最细(P=0.003),可分别作为生长性能改良和细绒型绒山羊选育的有效分子标记。本研究有助于促进陕北白绒山羊分子标记辅助选择育种和子午岭黑山羊种质资源的保护与开发利用。Shanbei white cashmere goat(Capra hircus)and Ziwuling black goat are the main goats in the northern of Shaanxi,but their growth performance needs to be improved.Especially,the population size of the latter decreased sharply,so it is urgent to determine the genetic variation of its population.Genetic variation of major histocompatibility complex(MHC)genes can be used to evaluate population genetic diversity,and MHC genes are also associated with body size traits of domestic animals.The aim of this study was to investigate the polymorphism of major histocompatibility complex(MHC)gene exon3 in Shanbei white cashmere goat and Ziwuling black goat,and to evaluate the population development trend of Ziwuling black goat,and to explore the correlation between MHC gene and growth performance or cashmere traits in Shanbei white cashmere goats.In this study,the genetic variation of exon3 of MHC gene of 600 Shanbei white cashmere goats and 30 Ziwuling black goats was analyzed by using high-throughput sequencing method,and the correlation between MHC gene and growth performance was studied.Exon3 sequences of 2 MHC genes were obtained,including 4 DQA1 alleles and 22 DQB2 alleles.The heterozygosity and polymorphism of Ziwuling black goat were low,and the population development trend was not optimistic,so effective protection measures should be taken.Moreover,Shanbei white cashmere goats had higher polymorphism,the BB genotype of DQA1 gene was significantly higher than the other 2 genotypes in terms of height at hip cross and wool length(P=0.035,P=0.021),and the AA genotype had the smallest cashmere fineness(P=0.003).These alleles could be used as an effective molecular marker for growth performance improvement and ultrafine cashmere goat breeding,respectively.The results of this study are helpful to promote molecular markerassisted selection breeding of Shanbei white cashmere goat,and the protection,development and utilization of Ziwuling black goat germplasm resources.

关 键 词：陕北白绒山羊 子午岭黑山羊 DQA1基因 DQB2基因 遗传变异 遗传资源保护 

分 类 号：S826[农业科学—畜牧学]