煤系中战略性金属矿产资源:意义和挑战  

Strategic metal resources in coal-bearing strata:Significance and challenges

作　　者：代世峰[1] 刘池洋[2] 赵蕾[1] 刘晶晶[3] 王西勃[1] 任德贻[1] DAI Shifeng;LIU Chiyang;ZHAO Lei;LIU Jingjing;WANG Xibo;REN Deyi(School of Geosciences & Surveying Engineering,China University of Mining & Technology-Beijing,Beijing 100083,China;Geology Department,Northwest University,Xi’an 710069,China;International Research Center for Coal Geology,China University of Mining & Technology,Xuzhou 221116,China)

机构地区：[1]中国矿业大学(北京)地球科学与测绘工程学院,北京100083 [2]西北大学地学系,陕西西安710069 [3]中国矿业大学国际煤地质学研究中心,江苏徐州221116

出　　处：《煤炭学报》2022年第5期1743-1749,共7页Journal of China Coal Society

基　　金：国家重点研发计划资助项目(2021YFC2902001);国家自然科学基金重大研究计划资助项目(91962220);中央引导地方科技发展资金资助项目(YDZX20201400001051)。

摘　　要：战略性金属矿产资源对国民经济发展和国防安全具有重要作用。煤是特殊的沉积有机岩石,在其形成过程的特定地质条件下,可以富集战略性金属,并在煤系中形成大型或超大型金属矿床。由于煤系战略性金属矿床不断被发现,世界各国对煤系战略性金属矿产高度重视,使其成为矿产资源勘探的重要领域和重要方向。基于煤系战略性金属矿产的丰度和规模、粉煤灰中金属元素(如锗、镓、铝、铀等)现有提取利用情况和其他金属开发潜力评估,煤系战略性金属矿产的开发利用表现出了良好的前景,将为战略性金属资源增储和环境保护(如燃煤引起的环境污染控制和碳中和目标的实现)发挥重要作用。然而,煤系战略性金属矿产在成矿理论、勘探和提取的理论与技术等方面的研究时间尚短、研究问题复杂和难度大,面临诸多难题或挑战。在成矿理论方面存在的诸多关键科学问题中,核心难题包括:成煤全过程中有机质(矿产)和无机质(矿产)的相互作用及其效应、金属成矿4个过程(物源供给/形成—物质迁移—金属富集—后期改造保存)和盆地演化3个阶段(沉积物充填—成岩作用—改造就位)之间的时空配置规律。在勘查技术方面存在的诸多关键技术问题中,其核心技术难题是煤系中战略性金属元素丰度和组合与地球物理参数的定量表征。煤系战略性金属的类型、赋存环境、组合样式的多样性,造成传统的或单一的勘探技术难以适应煤系中大部分金属矿床的勘探。在提取技术方面存在的挑战是除了个别金属外(如锗、铀、铝等),煤系(或粉煤灰)中大部分战略性金属具有低品位和难提取的特征。正确认识煤系中战略性金属矿产资源现有研究状况、重要的科学和社会意义,以及面临的机遇和挑战,对实现战略性金属矿产的增储、资源评价和推动煤系金属资源的开发利用具Strategic metal resources are extremely important in economic development and defense security.Coal is a particular sedimentary organic rock,which can be rich in strategic metals and subsequently form large or super-large ore deposits under some specific geological conditions.Given that the strategic metal ore deposits in coal-bearing strata have been continuously discovered and their promising prospect,they have been paid much attention in all countries around the world,and therefore,strategic metal resources in coal-bearing strata are now an important research area of mineral resources exploitation.Based on the abundance,mineralization scale,the extraction situation of metals(e.g.,Ge,Ga,Al,and U)from coal ash,and the feasibility of potential industrial utilization of other metals from coal ash,the strategic metal resources in coal-bearing strata present an promising prospect and provide opportunities from providing additional reserves and environmental protection(environmental pollution control and the Target implementation of carbon neutralization).However,in addition to the complex of the scientific questions and difficulties,the research on ore-forming theory,exploitation and exploration,and extraction technologies has not been fully carried out for a long time;hence,this research faces big challenges.For the ore-forming theories,the interaction between organic matter and inorganic matter throughout the coal-forming process,the space-time relation and configuration between four coal-forming procedures(sources-migration-accumulation-preservation)and three stages of basin evolution(sediment filling-diagenesis-deformation and position)are not clear.For exploitation technologies,the varieties of the ore types,occurrence of ore beds,and associations of metals lead to unsuitability of traditional or a single exploration technology to the strategic metal ore deposits in coal-bearing strata.For extraction technology,with the exceptions of some metals(e.g.,Ge,U,and Al),most strategic metals in coal-bearing sequences

关 键 词：煤 煤系 战略性金属 矿产资源 粉煤灰 

分 类 号：P618.11[天文地球—矿床学]