煤型关键元素矿床的资源综合利用与潜在环境风险——以云南临沧某锗提炼厂为例  

Comprehensive utilization of resources and potential environmental risk of thecoal-hosted critical element deposits:A case from the Lincang Ge refinery

作　　者：陈健[1] 李洋[1] 江佩君 李秀丽 齐啸威 刘文中[1] 陈萍[1] CHEN Jian;LI Yang;JIANG Peijun;LI Xiuli;QI Xiaowei;LIU Wenzhong;CHEN Ping(School of Earth and Environment,Anhui University of Science and Technology,Huainan 232001,China)

机构地区：[1]安徽理工大学地球与环境学院,安徽淮南232001

出　　处：《煤炭学报》2022年第5期1885-1894,共10页Journal of China Coal Society

基　　金：安徽省杰出青年科学基金资助项目(1908085J14);国家自然科学基金资助项目(41972173)。

摘　　要：煤和煤系资源的综合高效清洁利用是“双碳”目标达成的必要和有效途径。煤型关键元素矿床在富集有益元素的同时,常高度富集有害元素,且关键元素提取过程的有害物质释放,对环境和人体健康构成潜在风险。煤型锗、镓-铝、钒-硒矿床已在我国成功开发利用,然而,煤型关键元素矿床资源的综合利用率低,尾矿环境危害大。以云南临沧某锗提炼厂为例,聚焦尾矿中的关键元素资源和有害元素潜在环境风险,进而为煤型关键元素矿床的开发利用提出建议。结果表明:尽管临沧锗提炼厂尾矿中关键元素Be,Cr,Nb,Mo,Sb,Cs和W较世界褐煤煤灰富集,但均低于煤型矿床的边界品位,鉴于尾矿固体废物处置成本和资源综合利用收益,Be和Cs可作为关键元素与锗协同提取或从尾矿中再提取综合利用。与世界土壤相比,临沧锗提炼厂尾矿中Be,As,Mo,Sb和U富集,而Cr,Cu,Zn,Se和Pb稍富集,存在一定环境风险。鉴于煤型关键元素矿床低品位与难提取的特点和开发提取现状,煤型关键元素矿床的绿色可持续开发利用应加强煤及煤系地层多关键元素矿床的成矿机理和成矿条件研究,构建煤系多资源、多关键元素协同勘探和协调开采技术体系,建立煤及煤系地层多关键元素综合提取与高值化利用关键技术和煤基废物有害元素的环境风险评价技术保障体系。A comprehensive,efficient,and clean utilization of coal and resources hosted in coal measure is an available and necessary way to achieve the carbon peak and carbon neutrality.The highly enriched harmful elements in coal-hosted critical element deposits and the hazardous materials generated in the critical element extraction process pose a risk to the environment and human health.Coal-hosted Ge,Ga-Al,and V-Se deposits have been successfully developed and utilized in China.However,the comprehensive utilization rate of resources in coal-hosted critical element deposits is low.Additionally,the tailings of coal-hosted critical elements’processing and extraction are potentially hazardous to the environment.Taking a Ge refinery in Lincang of Yunnan Province for example,the critical element resources and environmental risk of hazardous elements in its refining tailings are discussed.Some suggestions on the development and utilization of coal-hosted critical elements are proposed.Results show that although the critical elements,e.g.Be,Cr,Nb,Mo,Sb,Cs,and W in the tailings of the Lincang Ge refinery,are enriched compared to the world brown coal ashes,and they are below the cut-off grades of coal-hosted critical element deposits.Given the cost of solid tailings disposal and the benefit of comprehensive utilization of resources,Be and Cs could be co-extracted with Ge or re-extracted from tailings as critical metals.Compared to the world soil,Be,As,Mo,Sb,and U are enriched,while Cr,Cu,Zn,Se,and Pb are slightly enriched in the tailings,posing a potential risk to the environment.Given the features of a low grade and difficult extraction and the current situation of the development and exploitation of coal-hosted critical element deposits,for a clean and sustainable development of coal-hosted critical element deposits,it is necessary to strengthen the study of the metallogenic mechanism and conditions of critical multi-element deposits in coal and coal measure.Also it needs to build a technical system for a co-exploration,co-m

关 键 词：关键元素 煤型矿床 环境风险 资源利用 煤系地层 

分 类 号：P618.11[天文地球—矿床学]