废旧动力锂离子电池全组分回收技术研究进展  

Research progress on recovering the components of spent Li-ion batteries

作　　者：高韶君 刘伟峰[1,2] 符冬菊 刘旭光[1,2] GAO Shao-jun;LIU Wei-feng;FU Dong-ju;LIU Xu-guang(Institute of New Carbon Materials,Taiyuan University of Technology,Taiyuan 030024,China;College of Materials Science and Engineering,Taiyuan University of Technology,Taiyuan 030024,China;Research Institute of Tsinghua University in Shenzhen,Shenzhen 518057,China)

机构地区：[1]太原理工大学新型碳材料研究院,山西太原030024 [2]太原理工大学材料科学与工程学院,山西太原030024 [3]深圳清华大学研究院,广东深圳518057

出　　处：《新型炭材料》2022年第3期435-460,共26页New Carbon Materials

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(51972221,51603142,51902222);山西省重点研发计划国际合作项目(201903D421077);银川市科技局重点计划项目(2021ZD08);深圳市科技创新委员会可持续发展项目(KCXFZ20201221173214040);山西省高等学校科技创新项目(2019L0255,2020L0097).

摘　　要：随着近年来电动汽车的蓬勃发展,锂离子电池的使用量以及退役量都在逐年增长,随之而来的是废旧锂离子电池带来的环境污染以及资源浪费问题。目前商用锂离子电池多由过渡金属氧化物或磷酸盐基正极、石墨基负极、含有害锂盐的有机电解质、聚合物隔膜以及塑料或金属外壳组成,在电池退役后,其中的诸多贵金属以及石墨等都具有较高的回收价值。本文对锂离子电池工作原理及组成结构、废旧锂离子电池全组分回收等研究现状进行了综述,着重介绍废旧锂离子电池中正极材料、负极材料以及电解液回收的研究进展,从回收成本和二次污染等方面概述了不同方法所遇到的问题,最后对未来的发展提供了一些思路。With the recent rapid development of electric vehicles,the use and decommissioning of Li-ion batteries have increased,causing environmental pollution and the waste of valuable materials in spent batteries.Commercial Li-ion batteries are mostly com-posed of transition metal oxide or phosphate-based cathodes,graphite-based anodes,organic electrolytes containing harmful lithium salts,polymer separators,and plastic or metal shells.After the battery is retired,many precious metals and graphite have a high re-cycling value.We review the current status of research on recovering these components with an emphasis on the leaching and separa-tion of cathode and anode materials,and electrolytes in these batteries.The problems encountered in the different methods are out-lined in terms of recycling cost and secondary pollution.Future research trends are outlined for the commercial full recovery of spent Li-ion batteries.

关 键 词：废旧锂离子电池 石墨 全组分 回收 

分 类 号：TQ15[化学工程—电化学工业]