下呼吸道感染患者的痰细菌培养及药敏试验分析  

Analysis of Sputum Bacterial Culture and Drug Sensitivity Test in Patients with Lower Respiratory Tract Infection

作　　者：席莉莉[1] XI Lili(Laboratory of the Third People's Hospital of Nantong City,Nantong,Jiangsu Province,226001 China)

机构地区：[1]南通市第三人民医院检验科,江苏南通226001

出　　处：《系统医学》2022年第5期91-94,共4页Systems Medicine

摘　　要：目的 探讨下呼吸道感染者痰细菌培养与药敏实验。方法 选择医院2021年3—8月收治的下呼吸道感染者180例,留取痰液标本进行病原菌培养、鉴定以及药敏实验,分析痰液标本中革兰阴性菌、革兰阳性菌、真菌分布情况以及对临床常用抗生素的耐药现象。结果 该研究共检出致病菌180株,革兰阴性菌78.89%,革兰阳性菌11.67%,真菌9.44%。肺炎克雷伯菌对氨苄西林耐药率(100.00%)高,对头孢替坦(8.33%)、阿卡米星(6.25%)、妥布霉素(6.25%)的耐药率低;铜绿假单胞菌对头孢替坦(100.00%)、头孢唑林(100.00%)、呋喃妥因(100.00%)、氨苄西林(100.00%)、头孢曲松(96.55%)的耐药率高,对妥布霉素(6.90%)、庆大霉素(3.45%)耐药率低;鲍曼不动杆菌对头孢唑林(100.00%)、头孢替坦(91.67%)、呋喃妥因(87.50%)耐药率高,对庆大霉素的耐药率(8.33%)低;大肠埃希菌对头孢唑林的耐药率(82.35%)高,对阿卡米星(11.76%)、亚胺培南(11.76%)的耐药率低。金黄色葡萄球菌对青霉素耐药率达87.50%,对替加环素、万古霉素、利奈唑胺的耐药率为0.00%,对呋喃妥因耐药率低于10%。真菌对抗菌药物的耐药率均较低。结论 下呼吸道感染者病原菌以革兰阴性菌为主,通过痰细菌培养及药敏试验能够促进临床合理用药。Objective To investigate the bacterial culture and drug susceptibility test of sputum in patients with lower respiratory tract infection.Methods A total of 180 patients with lower respiratory tract infection were selected from March to August 2021 in the hospital,and sputum samples were collected for pathogen culture,identification and drug sensitivity test.The distribution of gram-negative bacteria,gram-positive bacteria and fungi in sputum samples,as well as the drug resistance to commonly used clinical antibiotics,were analyzed.Results A total of 180pathogenic bacteria were detected in this study,of which 78.89% were Gram-negative bacteria,11.67% were Gram-positive bacteria,and 9.44% were fungi.The resistance rate of Klebsiella pneumoniae to ampicillin(100.00%) was high,and the resistance rate to cefotetan(8.33%),akamicin(6.25%) and tobramycin(6.25%) was low.Pseudomonas aeruginosa had a high resistance rate to cefotetan(100.00%),cefazolin(100.00%),nitrofurantoin(100.00%),ampicillin(100.00%) and ceftriaxone(96.55%).The drug resistance rates of bruomycin(6.90%) and gentamicin(3.45%)were low.Acinetobacter baumannii had a high resistance rate to cefazolin(100.00%),cefotetan(91.67%) and nitrofurantoin(87.50%),and a low resistance rate to gentamicin(8.33%).The resistance rate of Escherichia coli to cefazolin(82.35%) was high,and the resistance rate to akamicin(11.76%) and imipenem(11.76%) was low.Staphylococcus aureus was 87.50% resistant to penicillin,0.00% resistant to tigecycline,vancomycin and linezolid,and less than 10% resistant to nitrofurantoin.The resistance rate of fungi to antibiotics was low.Conclusion The pathogenic bacteria in patients with lower respiratory tract infection are mainly Gram-negative bacteria,and sputum bacterial culture and drug sensitivity test can promote clinical rational drug use.

关 键 词：下呼吸道感染 痰标本 细菌培养 药敏实验 革兰阴性菌 耐药性 

分 类 号：R446[医药卫生—诊断学]