中国“居民健身指数”指标体系的构建研究  

Research on the Construction of Resident Fitness Index System in China

作　　者：湛冰[1] 李炳照[2] 于文岩 周志雄[1] ZHAN Bing;LI Bingzhao;YU Wenyan;ZHOU Zhixiong(Capital University of Physical Education and Sports,Beijing 100191,China;Beijing Institute of Technology,Beijing 100081,China.)

机构地区：[1]首都体育学院,北京100191 [2]北京理工大学,北京100081

出　　处：《首都体育学院学报》2022年第3期283-293,共11页Journal of Capital University of Physical Education and Sports

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目课题(2020YFC2006205);国家哲学社会科学基金一般项目(17BTY089);北京市社会科学基金一般项目(20YTB018)。

摘　　要：在国际上,居民健身指数是反映某地区居民的健身情况、身体素质及健康状况的指标。构建中国“居民健身指数”指标体系既能评估中国各省(市、自治区)居民健身活动开展情况,又能比较中国各省(市、自治区)公共体育服务供给情况,而且有助于中国各省(市、自治区)评估居民健康水平和全民健身工作促进居民健康的整体情况。运用文献研究法、德尔菲法、层次分析法、问卷调查法,以社会生态系统理论为理论基础,基于中国居民的特点和借鉴其他国家的某些专家构建“居民健身指数”指标体系的相关经验,从个人健康发展和社会支持的视角构建中国“居民健身指数”指标体系。该指标体系的构建包括4个步骤,即设定构建目标、形成构建思路、确定构建程序和优化指标,最终形成了由3个一级指标、7个二级指标和20个三级指标构成的中国“居民健身指数”指标体系。同时,分析了该指标体系相较美国的“居民健身指数”指标体系的优势,并且阐述了研究中的局限。Internationally,Resident Fitness Index is a key indicator for residents’physical activity,physical fitness,and their health.The construction of China’s“Resident Fitness Index”system can not only evaluate the development of residents’fitness activities in China’s provinces(cities and autonomous regions),but also compare the supply of public sports services in China’s provinces(cities and autonomous regions).It will also help China’s provinces(cities and autonomous regions)assess the health level of residents and the overall situation of national fitness to promote residents’health.Using the methods of literature,Delphi,analytic hierarchy process and questionnaire,this paper takes the social ecosystem theory and social cognitive theory as the theoretical basis,based on local characteristics and foreign experience,sets to construct a residents'fitness index system from the perspective of personal fitness and social support.The construction of the index system includes four steps,namely the aim,thought,procedure and optimization of the index system,and the index system of resident fitness index is finally formed,which consists of 3 first-level indexes,7 second-level indexes and 20 third-level indexes.Meanwhile,it expounds the advantages and limitations of the“fitness index”in the research system.

关 键 词：中国 居民健身指数 全民健身 建成环境 体育锻炼 指标体系 体质健康水平 

分 类 号：G80-053[文化科学—运动人体科学]