数字治理中的权力控制与权利破茧  

Control of Power and Decocooning of Right in Digital Governance

作　　者：姚尚建[1] Yao Shang-jian

机构地区：[1]华东政法大学政治学与公共管理学院

出　　处：《理论与改革》2022年第3期130-140,156,共12页Theory and Reform

基　　金：国家社科基金项目“中国特色特大城市贫困治理研究”(19BZZ085)。

摘　　要：数字社会进入了持续性的“数据+算法”阶段,数字权力的约束成为必需。信息茧房的形成说明数字权力并非仅仅基于数据,而是更多基于算法。客观存在的算法偏差辅之以个人的权力偏好,最终施加于算法之上并使数字个体作茧自缚。在这一背景下,算法主导者的权力偏好,将加密这一自我封闭的组织结构。在数字治理中,遏制数字权力成为必需,全流程控制的“数据铁笼”寄托了这一技术想象。数字个体“作茧”的过程同时是数字权利流失的过程,在数字权利缺位的前提下,“数据铁笼”这一以权力监督权力的数字制衡机制存在不足。数字权利的价值在于承认算法的分布性与可控性,并在此基础上干预算法:通过算法关闭遏制个体权利流失,限制信息筛选使民众逃离“茧房”,通过数据流程控制使官员敬畏权力。The digital society has entered a continuous“data+algorithm”stage,and the restriction of digital power has become necessary.The formation of information cocoons shows that the digital power is not only based on data,but more based on algorithm.The objective algorithm deviation,supplemented by personal power preference,is finally imposed on the algorithm and makes the digital individual bound by itself.In this context,the power preference of algorithm leaders will encrypt this self-enclosed organizational structure.In digital governance,it is necessary to curb digital power,and this technical imagination is reposed by the“data cage”of whole process control.The process of“cocooning”of digital individuals is also the process of loss of digital rights.On the premise of the absence of digital rights,the“data cage”,a digital balance mechanism that uses power to supervise power,is insufficient.The value of digital rights is to recognize the distribution and controllability of the algorithm,and intervene in the algorithm on this basis:prevent the loss of individual rights by closing the algorithm,restrict information screening to make people escape from the“cocoon room”,and make officials fear power by dataflow control.

关 键 词：数字治理 数字权力 数字权利 算法偏差 “数据铁笼” 

分 类 号：D60[政治法律—政治学]