“礼物”与“商品”兼容:民俗体育产业化的二重性特征--基于湖南麻阳民间龙舟赛的田野考察  

Coexistence of“Gift”and“Commodity”:the Dual Characteristics of the Industrialization of Folk Sports—Based on the Fieldwork on Mayang Folk Dragon Boat Race in Hunan Province

作　　者：向军 张智[1] XIANG Jun;ZHANG Zhi(College of Physical Education and Health,Guangxi Normal University,Guilin 541004,Guangxi China)

机构地区：[1]广西师范大学体育与健康学院,广西桂林541004

出　　处：《北京体育大学学报》2022年第4期121-133,共13页Journal of Beijing Sport University

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“社会文化共同体背景下东盟龙狮融合发展路径”(项目编号:16BTY106)。

摘　　要：为了探索民俗体育产业化的属性特征,基于礼物交换与商品交换理论对麻阳民间龙舟赛产业化过程中的属性变化进行了田野调查。研究发现:麻阳龙舟赛在本质上是礼物属性的,新发展出来的商品属性却具有双刃剑的作用:当商品属性不受礼物属性控制时,龙舟赛就出现价值危机;当商品属性在礼物属性规定下发展时,商品属性就能促进龙舟赛的发展。研究认为:民俗体育在产业化过程中,其商品属性的发展需建立在礼物属性的基础上,使其呈现出礼物属性与商品属性共存的二重性特征,并以共同体产业化的形态出现。这种二重性的结构,还存在着内外场域之别,即在内部村落场域实行礼物属性,排斥商品属性;在外部市场场域实行商品属性,排斥礼物属性。通过这种二重性的方式,民俗体育内部场域主动形成了一种文化保护机制,使其在产业化运作的同时并没有丧失民俗意蕴。基于二重性特点的民俗体育产业化将推动民俗体育朝着有机团结的社团化方向发展。To explore the attributes and characteristics of folk sports industrialization,based on the theory of gift exchange and commodity exchange,this paper makes a field survey on the attribute changes in the industrialization of Mayang folk dragon boat race.The results show that:Mayang dragon boat race has a gift attribute,but the newly developed commodity attribute has the function of a double-edged sword:when the commodity attribute is not controlled by the gift attribute,the value crisis will appear in the dragon boat race;when the commodity attribute develops under the gift attribute,the commodity attribute can promote the development of the dragon boat race.The research holds that:in the process of industrializing folk sports,the development of its commodity attribute should be based on the gift attribute,so that it presents the dual characteristics of the coexistence of a gift attribute and commodity attribute and appears in the form of community industrialization.In this dual structure,there is also a difference between the internal and external fields,that is,the internal village field implements the gift attribute and excludes the commodity attribute;in the field of the external market,the commodity attribute is implemented,and the gift attribute is excluded.Through this duality approach,the internal field of folk sports takes the initiative to form a cultural protection mechanism,so that it does not lose its folklore connotation during its industrialization.The industrialization of folk sports based on dual characteristics will promote the development of folk sports towards the direction of organic unity.

关 键 词：礼物属性 商品属性 民俗体育 产业化 二重性 民间龙舟赛 

分 类 号：G852.9[文化科学—民族体育]