北京市密云区社区卫生服务中心慢性呼吸系统疾病护理现状研究  

Status quo of nursing for chronic respiratory disease in community health centers of Beijing Miyun District

作　　者：李伟[1] 祁祯楠[2] 杨旭 刘妍萌 迟春花[2] Li Wei;Qi Zhennan;Yang Xu;Liu Yanmeng;Chi Chunhua(Department of Nursing,Peking University First Hospital,Beijing 100034,China;Department of General Practice,Peking University First Hospital,Beijing 100034,China)

机构地区：[1]北京大学第一医院护理部,北京100034 [2]北京大学第一医院全科医学科,北京100034

出　　处：《中华全科医师杂志》2022年第5期415-421,共7页Chinese Journal of General Practitioners

摘　　要：目的了解社区卫生服务中心慢性呼吸系统疾病护理现状,探讨护士在慢性呼吸系统疾病管理中的作用。方法采用混合研究方法,于2018年11月21—22日对北京市密云区的4家社区卫生服务中心(含下属服务站)进行实地调研,对内科、全科和慢性病管理科的护士进行慢性呼吸系统疾病知识和工作内容的问卷调查;根据目的抽样法,就护士在慢性呼吸系统疾病管理中的作用进行半结构式访谈。结果共回收有效问卷63份,调查结果显示,护士的慢性呼吸系统疾病知识总得分为(62.0±14.4)分,慢性阻塞性肺疾病、支气管哮喘、阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停的知识得分分别为(55.5±19.3)、(61.0±21.6)、(69.5±25.1)分。中级及以上职称者知识总得分高于初级职称者[(67.0±12.9)分比(54.0±13.6)分,t=-3.07,P<0.01]。护士的工作内容按参与度由高到低依次为:护理操作(22/63,34.9%)、健康教育(18/63,28.6%)、护理评估(8/63,12.7%)。质性访谈共14名护士,提炼出3个主题:护士的工作内容以完成护理操作为主;护士希望以医护防团队合作形式参与慢性呼吸系统疾病管理;护士期盼以实际需求为导向的理论与实践培训。结论社区卫生服务中心护士的慢性呼吸系统疾病知识有待提高,呼吸护理专业性有待体现。建议开发适宜基层机构的培训课程和护理指南、以团队合作形式开展慢性呼吸疾病管理,以更好地发挥护士在慢性呼吸系统疾病管理中的作用。Objective To investigate the status quo of nursing capacity for chronic respiratory disease in community health service centers.Methods A questionnaire survey on nursing capacity for chronic respiratory disease was conducted in November 2018 among nurses working in internal medicine,general practice and chronic disease management departments of 4 community health service centers in Beijing Miyun District.The questionnaire included the knowledge and work content of chronic respiratory diseases.At the same time semi-structured interviews was conducted on the role of nurses in the management of chronic respiratory diseases among nurses selected by purposive sampling method.Results In the study 63 valid questionnaires were collected and 14 nurses were interviewed.The results showed that the total score of nurses′knowledge about chronic respiratory diseases was(62.0±14.4),and the scores of knowledge of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD),bronchial asthma and obstructive sleep apnea were(55.5±19.3),(61.0±21.6),(69.5±25.1),respectively.The total knowledge score of nurses with middle-rank professional title or above was higher than that of those with primary title[(67.0±12.9)vs.(54.0±13.6),t=-3.07,P<0.01].The work contents mainly involved were nursing procedures(22/63,34.9%),health education(18/63,28.6%)and nursing evaluation(8/63,12.7%).Three themes were extracted from the deep interviews:the main work contents for nurses should be nursing procedures,nurses should participate in the chronic respiratory disease management as a member of the integrated medical team;nurses expected practice-oriented trainings of chronic respiratory disease management.Conclusions The knowledge of chronic respiratory diseases among nurses in community health center needs to be improved,and the nursing skills special for respiratory diseases are needed.It is suggested to develop training courses and nursing guidelines suitable for community health centers and for nurses to participate in chronic respiratory disease management

关 键 词：社区卫生中心 慢性病 呼吸系统 护理 问卷调查 定性研究 

分 类 号：R473.5[医药卫生—护理学]