人参钾肥的需求规律及肥效评价  

Optimal Potassium Application Rate for Panax ginseng

作　　者：邬洁 赵贵萍 于大德 尹豆 王新月 徐福荣 李西文 WU Jie;ZHAO Gui-ping;YU Da-de;YIN Dou;WANG Xin-yue;XU Fu-rong;LI Xi-wen(College of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine,Kunming 650500,China;Institute of Chinese Materia Medica,China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences,Beijing 100700,China;School of Life Science,Bengbu Medical College,Bengbu 233030,China;School of Pharmacy,Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Guiyang 550025,China)

机构地区：[1]云南中医药大学中药学院,昆明650500 [2]中国中医科学院中药研究所,北京100700 [3]蚌埠医学院生命科学学院,安徽蚌埠233030 [4]贵州中医药大学中药学院,贵阳550025

出　　处：《中国实验方剂学杂志》2022年第12期192-199,共8页Chinese Journal of Experimental Traditional Medical Formulae

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2019YFC1710601);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费项目(ZXKT21033);中国中医科学院科技创新工程项目(C12021A04505)。

摘　　要：目的:需肥规律是制定药用植物施肥方案的理论依据,也是专用肥研发及高品质药材生产的研究基础。方法:为探究钾肥对人参产量和质量形成的适宜用量水平,实现钾肥精细化栽培管理,以硫酸钾为供试肥,设置CK、C1、C2、C3、C4、C5共6个硫酸钾梯度处理组(浓度分别为0,2,4,8,10,12 mmol·L^(-1)),分析不同施钾条件对4年生人参生长的影响。结果:研究结果表明,施钾浓度为8 mmol·L^(-1)时,人参叶绿素相对含量32.13%、净光合速率2.5488μmol·m^(-2)·s^(-1)、抗氧化酶超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性,均明显高于0、2、10、12 mmol·L^(-1)处理组(P<0.05)。参根鲜重6.25 g/株较空白对照增重134%;人参皂苷Rg^(-1)(5.24 mg·g^(-1))、Re(4.17 mg·g^(-1))及人参总皂苷含量(12.33 mg·g^(-1))均明显高于CK和其他处理组(P<0.05)。硫酸钾浓度为8 mmol·L^(-1)最适宜4年生人参的生长和有效成分积累。结论:该研究阐述了钾肥对人参产量和品质形成的肥效机制,可科学指导人参农田生产精细化施钾用量,同时为人参专用肥的研发及优化施肥技术提供理论依据。Objective:The law of fertilizer requirement serves as the basis for the fertilization of medicinal plants,development of special fertilizer,and high-quality medicinal materials.Method:This study aims to explore the optimal potassium application rate for Panax ginseng to achieve high yield and quality of the medicinal material and targeted management of potassium fertilizer.To be specific,6 concentration gradients(0,2,4,8,10,and 12 mmol·L^(-1))of potassium sulfate(potassium fertilizer)were designed and applied to the 4-year-old P.ginseng in CK,C1,C2,C3,C4,and C5 treatments,respectively.Thereby,the influence of potassium concentration on P.ginseng was observed.Result:When potassium sulfate was applied at 8 mmol·L^(-1),P.ginseng had the chlorophyll content of 32.13%,net photosynthetic rate of 2.5488μmol·m^(-2)·s^(-1),and activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD),peroxidase(POD),and catalase(CAT)significantly higher than those in the CK,C1,C4,and C5 treatments(P<0.05).The average fresh weight of P.ginseng roots was 6.25 g,134%up from the CK,and the content of ginsenoside Rg^(-1)(5.24 mg·g^(-1))and Re(4.17 mg·g^(-1))and total saponins(12.33 mg·g^(-1))was significantly higher than that in CK and other treatments(P<0.05).Thus,8 mmol·L^(-1)potassium sulfate was most favorable for the growth and effective component accumulation of four-year-old P.ginseng.Conclusion:This study expounds the effect of potassium fertilizer on the yield and quality of P.ginseng,which is expected to help guide the precise application of potassium fertilizer in P.ginseng production in the field and lay a theoretical basis for the development of special fertilizer for P.ginseng and the optimization of fertilization technology.

关 键 词：精细化栽培 硫酸钾 人参 人参皂苷 品质 产量 

分 类 号：R284.2[医药卫生—中药学] R285[医药卫生—中医学]