我国中小学校健康教育课程设置现状及影响因素分析  

Analysis on the current situation of health education curriculum and its influencing factors in primary and secondary schools in China

作　　者：唐小哲[1] 刘瑶[1] 刘东山 丁库克[1] 豆智慧[1] 张荔[1] TANG Xiao-zhe;LIU Yao;LIU Dong-shan;DING Ku-ke;DOU Zhi-hui;ZHANG Li(Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Beijing 102260,China)

机构地区：[1]中国疾病预防控制中心,北京102206 [2]国家卫生健康委职业卫生安全研究中心,北京102308

出　　处：《中国健康教育》2022年第2期103-106,129,共5页Chinese Journal of Health Education

基　　金：公共卫生应急反应机制的运行(131031001000210001)。

摘　　要：目的了解我国中小学校开设健康教育相关课程的状况及影响因素,为促进我国学校卫生建设提出意见和建议。方法采用χ^(2)检验进行组间比较,构建二元Logistic回归模型识别影响开课因素,分析不同因素对开展卫生相关课程/讲座的影响。结果本次调查共收集了全国31个省、自治区、直辖市及新疆生产建设兵团总计193392所学校的相关数据,共覆盖学生151327628人。中小学的健康教育的开课率为90.13%。多因素分析结果显示:东部和西部地区相对于中部地区开课率较高(东部:AOR为1.16,95%CI:1.12~1.21;西部:AOR为1.13,95%CI:1.08~1.18)。中学比小学开课率高(AOR为1.31,95%CI:1.24~1.38)。寄宿制、学校人数大于等于600人的非寄宿制相对于人数少于600人的非寄宿制开课率高(寄宿制:AOR为2.12,95%CI:2.00~2.23;大于等于600人的非寄宿制:AOR为1.98,95%CI:1.89~2.07)。配备保健教师、保健室、校医、卫生室的都有利于学校卫生健康相关课程或讲座的开展(保健教师:AOR为4.53,95%CI:4.35~4.72;保健室:AOR为1.34,95%CI:1.28~1.39;校医:AOR为2.24,95%CI:2.09~2.40;卫生室:AOR为1.25,95%CI:1.18~1.33)。结论目前全国中小学健康教育课总体开课率较高,但在不同经济发展地区、不同学段、不同寄宿制类型卫生保健情况区别明显。在政策制定中,需要因地制宜,因人(学校类别)制宜。Objective To understand the status of health education related courses and its influencing factors in primary and secondary schools in China,and to provide opinions and suggestions for promoting school health construction in China.Methods Chi-square test was used for inter group comparison.In addition,a binary logistic regression model was constructed to identify the factors affecting the opening of courses and analyze the impact of different factors on the implementation of health-related courses/lectures.Results A total of 193392 schools in 30 provinces,autonomous regions,municipalities directly under the central government and Xinjiang production and Construction Corps were enrolled and 151327628 students were investigated.Among the included schools,the opening rate of health education course was 90.13%.The results of multivariate analysis showed that the class opening rate in eastern and western regions was higher than that in central region(eastern:AOR=1.16,95%CI:1.12-1.21;western:AOR=1.13,95%CI:1.08-1.18),middle school higher than primary school(AOR=1.31,95%CI:1.24-1.38),boarding system,non-boarding school with more than or equal to 600 students higher than that of non-boarding system with less than 600 students(boarding system:AOR=2.12,95%CI:2.00-2.23;non-boarding system with more than 600 people:AOR=1.98,95%CI:1.89-2.07).Health care teachers,health care rooms,doctor in school,or clinics were useful for the development of school health related courses or lectures(health care teachers:AOR=4.53,95%CI:4.35-4.72;health care room:AOR=1.34,95%CI:1.28-1.39;doctor in school:AOR=2.24,95%CI:2.09-2.40;clinics:AOR=1.25,95%CI:1.18-1.33).Conclusion At present,the overall opening rate of health education courses in primary and secondary schools across the country is relatively high,but there are obvious differences in different development areas,different students and different types of boarding system.Local conditions and people(school types)should be adapted in policy-making.

关 键 词：健康教育 中小学校 开课率 校医 配备率 

分 类 号：R193[医药卫生—卫生事业管理]