基于语料库的汉语四类受事前置结构研究  

A Corpus-based Study of Four Types of Chinese Patient-preposed Constructions

作　　者：李银美 LI Yinmei(School of Humanities and Law,North China Univ.of Tech.,100144,Beijing,China)

机构地区：[1]北方工业大学文法学院,北京100144

出　　处：《北方工业大学学报》2022年第3期133-140,148,共9页Journal of North China University of Technology

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学基金项目“认知语法视角下汉英主题结构的现实性与时空互动研究”(20YJC740025);北京市社会科学基金项目“认知互动视角下汉英日主题结构的跨语言研究”(18YYC018);北京市教育委员会科研计划项目“英汉主题结构的认知模式研究”(SM201910009002)。

摘　　要：受事前置结构的相关研究对其典型句式、受事成分的话题性和事件的现实性等问题尚未达成一致认识。本文提取四类受事前置结构,分别为P,(A)V、PAV、PV和APV,基于自建汉语当代书面语语料库,考察四类结构的语篇分布及语篇表现。研究发现:语篇分布由高到低为PV<PAV<P,(A)V<APV,受事的话题性由高到低为PAV<P,(A)V<PV<APV,现实事件比重由高到低为PV<P,(A)V<PAV<APV。前置结构的语篇分布与其语篇表现相关:语篇分布越广的前置结构,标记性越低,受事成分可充当的语法成分越多,事件类型越多样;反之,标记性越高,受事越偏离话题属性,事件类型越受限。Related studies on patient-preposed constructions have not reached a consensus on their prototypical construction,topicality features of patients,and reality features of events.The present study extracts four types of patient-preposed constructions,namely P,(A)V,PAV,PV and APV.Based on a self-compiled contemporary written Chinese corpus,it aims to investigate the discourse distribution and discourse performances of the four types of constructions.It is found that distribution of the constructions from high to low is PV<PAV<P,(A)V<APV.Topicality features of patients from high to low is PAV<P,(A)V<PV<APV.Reality features of events from high to low is PV<P,(A)V<PAV<APV.Discourse distribution of patient-preposed constructions is related to their discourse performances:the more distributed the constructions are,the lower the markedness is,the more grammatical components the patients can act as,and the more diverse the types of events are.On the contrary,the higher the markedness is,the more the patients deviate from the topicality,the more limited the event types are.

关 键 词：受事前置结构 语篇分布 话题性 现实性 

分 类 号：H043[语言文字—语言学]