证信副词“确实”的分布定位与语义提取  

The syntactic distribution and meaning of queshi as an adverb

作　　者：赵春利[1] 陈泽群 ZHAO Chunli;CHEN Zequn

机构地区：[1]暨南大学文学院中文系,510632

出　　处：《语言教学与研究》2022年第3期90-100,共11页Language Teaching and Linguistic Studies

基　　金：2017年度国家社会科学基金一般项目“汉语情态副词的语义提取与分类验证研究”(17BYY026);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(暨南领航计划19JNLH04);广东省高等学校珠江学者岗位计划资助项目(2019);国家社科基金重大项目(16ZDA209)的资助。

摘　　要：本文按照语义语法“句法反映语义而语义决定句法”的本体论原则,从句法层面的典型话语关联、复句选择到单句分布,逐层细化并提取副词“确实”语义层面的“证知传信”的语法意义。首先,从语义界定、句法分布、功能解释和语法演变四个角度综述前人的研究成果,并指出界定语义、逻辑思路、验证方法存在的问题。其次,从话语分布角度,正反验证“确实”句在“经证知信”话语关联中具有结论性和知信性特征。第三,从复句选择角度,“确实”句的结论性、知信性决定了其主要选择偏正类复句的结论句和推断类复句的前提句,排斥平行类复句关系。第四,从句法分布角度,正反验证副词“确实”对知信陈述句、是非疑问句和有界感叹句的状语位置、同现成分的选择,并据此提取“确实”具有的“证知传信”义。In accordance with the principle of syntax reflecting meaning and meaning defining syntax,the paper discusses the typical discourse correlation,the types of complex sentences and syntactic distribution of queshi,and summarizes its grammatical meaning of“certainty with evidence”.First,the previous studies are reviewed in terms of the semantic definition,syntactic distribution,functional explanation and grammatical evolution,and the existing problems are pointed out.Second,from the perspective of discourse distribution,queshi signifies a conclusive and certain feature by means of positive-negative verification for the discourse correlation.Third,in respect of the types of complex sentences,the clause with queshi is usually the conclusive clause of the main-subordinate complex sentence or the presupposition clause of the complex sentence of conclusion;it does not occur in complex sentences of parallel relations.Finally,the syntactic distribution of queshi is verified as an adverb in the certain declaratives,yes-no interrogatives and bounded exclamatives to conclude the meaning of“certainty with evidence”.

关 键 词：“确实” 经证知信 分布规律 话语关联 

分 类 号：H146[语言文字—汉语]