基于生态系统服务供需的城市绿地空间布局优化  

Urban Green Space Layout Optimization Based on Ecosystem Service Supply and Demand

作　　者：刘鑫[1] 王宽[1,2] 齐增湘 李涛[1,2] 李晟 LIU Xin;WANG Kuan;QI Zengxiang;LI Tao;LI Sheng(Songlin School of Architecture and Art Design, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China;Hunan Healthy City Construction Engineering Technology Research Center, Hengyang 421001, China;Ecological Regions-Hengyang City Key Laboratory of Urban Planning and Management, Hengyang 421001, China)

机构地区：[1]南华大学松霖建筑与艺术设计学院,湖南衡阳421001 [2]湖南省健康城市营造工程技术研究中心,湖南衡阳421001 [3]生态型区域-城市规划与管理衡阳市重点实验室,湖南衡阳421001

出　　处：《湖南生态科学学报》2022年第3期8-17,共10页Journal of Hunan Ecological Science

基　　金：湖南省科技厅科技计划重点项目(2015SK2003);湖南省教育厅重点科研项目(18A245)。

摘　　要：【目的】探讨城市绿地和生态系统服务供需的空间匹配,为城市绿地空间的布局优化提供参考依据。【方法】选取水源涵养、土壤保持、气候调节、景观美学4项生态系统服务,在ArcGIS分析工具下,用生态系统服务评估模型,分析2000—2020年衡阳市城市绿地的生态系统服务变化特征及供需匹配程度。【结果】(1)20年来,衡阳市水源涵养、土壤保持、气候调节和景观美学4项生态服务分别减少了20.2%、19.2%、15.3%与17.4%,原因在于建设用地的扩张导致生态用地和耕地不断减少;(2)衡阳市城市绿地的生态系统服务供需关系存在5种空间匹配类型,其主导空间类型是“高(供给)-高(需求)聚集型”;(3)游园、生态绿地、防护绿地、社区公园是影响最大的绿地类型,能显著提高综合生态系统服务价值。(4)通过增加防护绿地及生态绿地,以及将少量的专类公园调整为社区公园和游园类型,可以改善衡阳市城市绿地的生态系统服务供需的空间匹配情况。【结论】从生态系统服务供需匹配角度对城市绿地布局进行优化,可以最大程度地发挥绿地的生态功能。【Objective】Exploring the spatial matching of urban green space and ecosystem service supply and demand,can provide a reference for the scientific planning of the layout optimization of urban green space.【Method】From the perspective of ecosystem service supply and demand,the four ecosystem services of water conservation,soil conservation,climate regulation,and landscape aesthetics were selected to analyze the change characteristics and matching degree of supply and demand of urban green space in Hengyang City from 2000 to 2020 by using the corresponding ecosystem service evaluation model under the ArcGIS analysis tool.【Result】The research shows as follows:(1)In the past 20 years,the four ecological services of water conservation,soil conservation,climate regulation and landscape aesthetics in Hengyang have decreased by 20.2%,19.2%,15.3%and 17.4%,respectively.Expansion leads to the continuous reduction of ecological land and cultivated land;(2)There are 5 types of spatial matching types in the supply and demand relationship of ecosystem services in Hengyang urban green space,and the dominant space type is the high(supply)-high(demand)aggregation type;(3)Amusement park,ecological green space,and protective green space,community park are the types of green space that have the greatest impact on the selected ecosystem services,and these four types of green spaces help significantly improve the value of comprehensive ecosystem services.(4)The spatial matching of supply and demand of ecosystem services in Hengyang urban green space can be improved by increasing protective green space and ecological green space,and adjusting a small number of specialized parks to community parks and recreational parks.【Conclusion】Optimizing the layout of urban green space from the perspective of ecosystem service supply and demand matching can maximize the ecological function of green space and improve the ecological well-being of residents.

关 键 词：生态系统服务 供需分析 城市绿地 绿地布局优化 

分 类 号：TU985[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]