珍稀特有植物吉首鳞毛蕨群落生态环境特征初探  

A Preliminary Study on the Biotope Characteristics of the Rare and Endemic Plant Dryopteris jishouensis

作　　者：刘冰[1] 向晓媚 谭璐 王志成 杨含茹 陈功锡[1,2,3] LIU Bing;XIANG Xiaomei;TAN Lu;WANG Zhicheng;YANG Hanru;CHEN Gongxi(Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Utilization,Jishou University,Jishou 416000,China;School of Pharmacy,Jishou University,Jishou 416000,China;School of Civil Engineering and Architecture,Jishou University,Zhangjiajie 427000,China)

机构地区：[1]吉首大学植物资源保护与利用湖南省高校重点实验室,湖南吉首416000 [2]吉首大学药学院,湖南吉首416000 [3]吉首大学土木工程与建筑学院,湖南张家界427000

出　　处：《湖南生态科学学报》2022年第3期18-23,共6页Journal of Hunan Ecological Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(30770157);吉首市德夯风景名胜区管理处项目(19DHK03).

摘　　要：【目的】了解珍稀特有植物吉首鳞毛蕨(Dryopteris jishouensis)的群落生态环境特征。【方法】采用标准样方法对吉首鳞毛蕨群落进行调查,计算草本层各物种的重要值,并测定群落生境土壤理化性质,分析土壤环境特征。【结果】(1)吉首鳞毛蕨群落共有维管植物24种,隶属于15科20属,生活型以草本为主,群落优势种为十字薹草(Carex cruciata)和吉首鳞毛蕨,主要伴生种为粉被薹草(C.pruinosa)、翠云草(Selaginella uncinata)、兖州卷柏(S.involvens)等。(2)各样方中物种数量在7~12种之间,多数物种只分布在1~2个样方中。(3)群落生境土壤为碱性土(pH>9),有机质丰富,氮、磷、钾含量与高纬度的香鳞毛蕨(D.fragrans)以及当地广泛分布的黑足鳞毛蕨(D.fuscipes)和蛇足石杉(Huperzia serrata)显著不同。【结论】吉首鳞毛蕨群落物种组成多样性高,但科属分化不明显,物种分布随机性高;群落生境土壤养分含量较高,但土层稀薄,生存环境恶劣,亟需采取有效措施对其进行保护。【Objective】Acquaint the biotope characteristics of the rare and endemic plant Dryopteris jishouensis.【Method】Quadrat method was used to investigate the community of D.jishouensis,and the importance value of species in the herb layer were calculated.Besides,the physical and chemical properties of soil in community habitat were measured and the characteristics of soil environment were analyzed.【Result】(1)There were 24 species of vascular plants in D.jishouensis community,belonging to 15 families and 20 genera.The life form was dominated by herbs.The dominant species of the community were Carex cruciata and D.jishouensis,and the main companion species were C.pruinosa,Selaginella uncinate and S.involvens.(2)The number of species in each quadrat was between 7 and 12,and most species were only distributed in 1 or 2 quadrats.(3)The soil in the community habitat was alkaline(pH>9)with rich organic matter.The contents of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium were significantly different from those of D.fragrans in high latitude,D.fuscipes and Huperzia serrata,which were widely distributed locally.【Conclusion】The species composition diversity of D.jishouensis community is high,but the division of families and genera is not obvious,and the species distribution is random.The content of soil nutrients in D.jishouensis community habitat is high,but the soil layer is thin,and the living environment is bad,so it is urgent to take effective measures to protect it.

关 键 词：群落生态环境 珍稀特有植物 吉首鳞毛蕨 德夯 湘西世界地质公园 

分 类 号：Q948.1[生物学—植物学]