贵州省油菜育成品种系谱分析  

Pedigree Analysis of Rapeseed Varieties in Guizhou Province

作　　者：向阳[1] 赵继献[1] 梁龙兵 侯燕 张瑞茂[1] 陈大伦[1] 秦信蓉 杜才富[1] Xiang Yang;Zhao Jixian;Liang Longbing;Hou Yan;Zhang Ruimao;Chen Dalun;Qin Xinrong;Du Caifu(Guizhou Rapeseed Institute,Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Guiyang,550008)

机构地区：[1]贵州省农业科学院贵州省油菜研究所,贵阳550008

出　　处：《分子植物育种》2022年第9期2965-2982,共18页Molecular Plant Breeding

基　　金：国家重点研发计划“七大农作物育种”重点专项(2016YFD0100202);贵州省科技计划项目(黔科合支撑[2019]2397,黔科合支撑[2020]1Y109,黔科合支撑[2020]1Y106,黔科合支撑[2019]2402)共同资助。

摘　　要：农作物品种系谱蕴含亲本来源、亲缘关系等大量信息,对揭示品种演变规律并最终指导育种实践具有重要意义。为了阐明贵州省1930-2019年油菜育成品种系谱关系,并提炼出核心亲本和骨干亲本。本研究对贵州省过去90年间油菜育成品种的信息进行搜集整理,运用相关性和分层聚类分析、系谱溯源分析以及分子标记聚类分析等方法,明确了贵州省90年间共育成油菜品种124个,其中在贵州省审定的油菜品种可明显分为早熟和中晚熟2类,随着育种进程的发展,品种的生育期、株高、一次有效分枝数、单株角果数和角粒数等5个性状均呈显著升高趋势,至“十二五”后呈现降低趋势;而千粒重则呈现减小趋势,含油量和单产则一直持续得到提升。124个品种源自133个祖先亲本,其中‘Oro’、‘胜利油菜’、‘Marnoo’和‘甘蓝型油菜737’等10个祖先亲本属于核心亲本;直接亲本共有149个,包含‘117A’和‘甘蓝型油菜737’等5个骨干亲本。本研究发现,单株有效角果数和角粒数对贵州省育成品种的单产贡献较大,在现有育种基础上,提高千粒重可能是实现单产突破的有效途径;直接亲本中,‘117A’、‘中双2号’和‘甘蓝型油菜737’适合选育母本,而‘黄籽双低94-2’和‘中双4号’比较适合选育父本。本研究结果为未来油菜种质创新和育种提供重要参考信息。Variety pedigree contains a lot of information,including parental origin,genetic relationship,and so on.Studying them could reveal the evolution of varieties and ultimately guide genetic breeding.In order to clarify the pedigree relationship of rapeseed varieties bred in Guizhou Province from 1930 to 2019,and extract core parents and backbone parents.In this study,the information of rapeseed varieties bred in Guizhou Province in the past 90 years was collected and investigated systematically.Correlation and hierarchical clustering analysis,pedigree traceability analysis and molecular marker cluster analysis were used in the study.According to the pedigree of 124 rapeseed varieties bred in Guizhou Province in the past 90 years,the varieties of rapeseed in Guizhou Province could be divided into two types:early maturity type and middle late maturity type;the growth period,plant height,number of effective branches,number of pods per plant and number of seeds per pot were significantly increased annuallybut showed a downward trend since 2012,while the 1000-seed-weight showed decreasing trend,and the oil content and yield per unit had been continuously improved.The 124 varieties came from 133 ancestral parents,the ancestral parents with the highest contribution rate include 10 core parents such as’Oro’,’Variety Victor’,’Marnoo’and’737’.Among the 149 direct parents include 5 backbone parents such as’117A’and’737’,etc.Among the yield components,the number of effective pods and the number of seeds per pod contributed a lot to the yield of rapeseed varieties,increasing and stabilizing 1000-seed-weight may be an effective way to achieve breakthrough in yield per unit;among the backbone parents,’117A’,’Zhongshuang2’and’737’were suitable for breeding female parents,while’94-2’and’Zhongshuang4’were more suitable for breeding male parents.In this study,the information of pedigree analysis could provide important reference for future variety innovation.

关 键 词：油菜 性状 系谱 育种 

分 类 号：S565.4[农业科学—作物学]