橡胶树大筒苗培育方法Ⅲ:悬空高度的确定  

Cultivation Method of Large Rubber Polytube-raised Buddings Ⅲ:Determination of Suspended Height

作　　者：周珺[1,2] 林位夫[1] 黄坚 王新燕 王军[1,2] Zhou Jun;Lin Weifu;Huang Jian;Wang Xinyan;Wang Jun(Rubber Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences,Haikou,571101;Danzhou Investigation&Experiment Station of Tropical Crops,Ministry of Agriculture,Rubber Research Institute,Chinese Academy ofTropical Agricultural Sciences,Danzhou,571737)

机构地区：[1]中国热带农业科学院橡胶研究所,海口571101 [2]中国热带农业科学院橡胶研究所,农业部儋州热带作物科学观测试验站,儋州571737

出　　处：《分子植物育种》2022年第9期3102-3109,共8页Molecular Plant Breeding

基　　金：现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-33-YZ4)资助。

摘　　要：本研究旨在根据空气控根原理探讨培育高质量橡胶树大筒苗的最佳悬空高度。以芽接桩为胚苗材料,比较不同育苗筒悬空高度对橡胶树大筒苗生长发育及壮苗指数的影响。结果表明:橡胶树大筒苗生长至6蓬叶物候稳定时,株高、茎粗、总鲜重及壮苗指数均随着筒底悬空高度的降低而逐渐增大,以悬空的T1~T3(+12~+4 cm)和触地T4 (0 cm)及埋地T5 (-4 cm)为分界点,穿根率、穿出筒底的主根粗度、叶蓬数、总叶片数、出圃率、定植成活率等均显著增加;触地T4 (0 cm)及埋地T5 (-4 cm)的大筒苗株高比悬空的T1~T3高约20~25 cm,多生长1蓬叶,叶片数多16~19片,出圃率提高15%~20%,定植成活率提高10%~15%;壮苗指数以T5最高,达68.57,其次是T4 (48.77),约是T1~T3的3~4倍;橡胶树大筒苗的综合排名以埋地的T5 (-4 cm)的隶属度平均值最高(0.79),触地的T4 (0 cm)其次(0.72),悬空的T2 (+8 cm)最低(0.24)。因此,今后培育橡胶树大筒苗若想获得较好的生长势和育苗效果,建议触地或埋地培养;若以空气控根为目的培育大筒苗,建议筒底悬空高度以8 cm以上为宜。According to the principle of air root control, the optimal suspension height of large polytube-raised buddings of high quality Hevea brasiliensis was studied. Budded stump was used as embryo seedling material to compare the effects of different seedling tube height on the growth and development of large rubber polytube-raised buddings and the vigorous seedling index. The results showed that when the phenology of the sixth leaf umbrella was stable, plant height, stem diameter, total fresh weight and vigorous seedling index of large polytube-raised buddings increased gradually with the decrease of the hanging height at the bottom of tube. The cut-off points were T1~T3(+12~+4 cm), T4(0 cm) and T5(-4 cm), and the penetration rate, the diameter of main root, the number of leaf umbrella, the total number of leaves, the emergence rate and the survival rate of planting increased significantly. The plant height of T4(0 cm) and buried T5(-4 cm) were about 20~25 cm higher than that of T1~T3,with one more leaf umbrella and 16~19 more leaves, the emergence rate increased by 15%~20% and the survival rate increased by 10%~15%. The vigorous seedling index of T5 was the highest, reaching 68.57, followed by T4(48.77), which was about 3~4 times of T1~T3. The average membership degree of buried T5(-4 cm) was the highest(0.79), followed by T4(0 cm)(0.72),and that of suspended T2(+8 cm) was the lowest(0.24). Therefore, for the purpose of better growth vigor and seedling effect, it is suggested to touch the ground or bury the seedlings. For the purpose of air root control, it is suggested that the hanging height of tube bottom should be more than 8 cm.

关 键 词：橡胶树 大筒苗 悬空高度 生长势 壮苗指数 

分 类 号：S794.1[农业科学—林木遗传育种]