工作环境主观舒适度对铁路站点职工职业应激的影响  

The influence of subjective comfort of working environment on occupational stress of railway station workers

作　　者：胥秋艳 薛欢 杨杰 贺舒凝 兰亚佳 张勤 Xu Qiuyan;Xue Huan;Yang Jie;He Shuning;Lan Yajia;Zhang Qin(Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health,West China of Public Health(West China No.4 Hospital),Sichuan University,Chengdu 610041,China;Department of Health Examination,Chongqing Section of Center for Disease Prevention and Control,China Railway Chengdu Group Co.,Ltd,Chongqing 400014,China;Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics,West China of Public Health(West China No.4 Hospital),Sichuan University,Chengdu 610041,China)

机构地区：[1]四川大学华西公共卫生学院(华西第四医院)劳动卫生与环境卫生学系,成都610041 [2]中国铁路成都局集团有限公司重庆铁路疾病预防控制所体检科,重庆400014 [3]四川大学华西公共卫生学院(华西第四医院)流行病学与卫生统计学系,成都610041

出　　处：《中华劳动卫生职业病杂志》2022年第4期267-271,共5页Chinese Journal of Industrial Hygiene and Occupational Diseases

基　　金：四川大学深地医学中心子课题研究项目(DUGM201813);四川大学大学生创新训练计划校级项目(C2019105775)。

摘　　要：目的对某铁路站点职工工作环境主观舒适度和职业应激调查,探索影响职业应激的相关因素,为缓解工作压力,制定铁路站点员工职业应激干预措施提供理论基础。方法于2019年3月,采用整群抽样方法,以重庆某铁路4个站点432名员工为研究对象,自制问卷收集研究对象的个人特征、工作特征,以《办公建筑空内环境质量问卷》调查工作环境主观舒适度情况,以《付出-回报失衡量表》评估职业应激水平,采用χ^(2)检验比较不同影响因素下职业应激检出率的差异,logistic回归分析铁路站点职工职业应激影响因素。结果重庆铁路站点职工职业应激检出率为31.02%(134/432)。铁路站点离异职工、收入低于5000元/月、工龄在10~20年、售票员和其他工种(行李员、值班站长和助理工程师)的职工职业应激检出率较高,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=9.61、14.76、23.28、11.06,P=0.008、0.002、0.000、0.011)。与舒适状态者比较,对温度、空气质量、光照、噪音和空间布局的感受为不舒适者职业应激检出率均更高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。logistic回归分析结果显示,结果显示不同岗位、不同站点以及对空气质量、噪声、空间布局的主观感受是否舒适是铁路站点员工职业应激的影响因素(P<0.05)。对空气质量、噪声及空间布局感受不舒适是发生职业应激的危险因素(OR=0.571、0.068、0.441,P=0.051、0.054、0.007);售票员、其他(行李员、值班站长、助理工程师)是发生职业应激的危险因素(OR=1.884、2.703,P=0.065、0.019);A站和B站员工是发生职业应激的危险因素(OR=4.681、1.811,P=0.002、0.067)。结论铁路站点内的职工职业应激检出率较高,职工的工作环境主观舒适度是影响职业应激的重要因素。Objective To explore the influential factors of job stress suffered by workers in railway stations,the level of job stress of were measured and subjective comfort of employees targeting to working environment were reported.Methods In March 2019,a cluster sampling study was designed to collect the personal characteristics,job characteristics and subjective comfort degree of working environment of 432 employees in Chongqing railway stations.Meanwhile,job stress was assessed using the effort-reward imbalance scale.Chi-square test was used to compare the difference of occupational stress detection rate among different stratified factors such as occupational characteristics.Logistic regression was applied to analyze the influential factors of occupational stress.Results The detection rate of job stress of workers in the railway stations was 31.02%(134/432).The detection rate of job stress was higher among the divorced workers in railway stations,those earning less than 5,000 yuan per month,those with 10-20 years'length of service,those who worked as a conductor and other workers including baggageman,station master on duty and assistant engineer(χ^(2)=9.61,14.76,23.28,11.06,P=0.008,0.002,0.000,0.011).The detection rate of job stress was higher among those whose working environment subjective feelings were uncomfortable,the differences were statistically significant(P<0.001).The results showed that the occupational stress of the staff in the railway stations was influenced by their subjective feeling of air quality,noise and Space Layout(P<0.05).The risk factors of occupational stress were air quality,noise and uncomfortable space layout(OR=0.571,0.068,0.441,P=0.051,0.054,0.007).Conductor,other(Bellboy,Duty Station Master,assistant engineer)were the risk factors of occupational stress(OR=1.884,2.703,P=0.065,0.019).The employees of station A and station B were the risk factors of occupational stress(OR=4.681,1.811,P=0.002,0.067).Conclusion The higher detection rate of job stress of workers in the railway stations is cor

关 键 词：职业应激 工作环境舒适度 付出-回报失衡 铁路职工 

分 类 号：R134[医药卫生—劳动卫生]