三种风险评估方法在某汽车铸造企业噪声风险评估中的应用  

Application of three risk assessment methods to noise risk assessment in an automobile foundry enterprise

作　　者：谢贝贝 常薇 吴琨 郭亮亮 梅勇 Xie Beibei;Chang Wei;Wu Kun;Guo Liangliang;Mei Yong(School of Public Health,Wuhan University of Science and Technology,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control,WuHan 430065,China;Shiyan Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational Disease,Shiyan 442000,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉科技大学医学院公共卫生学院,职业危害识别与控制湖北省重点实验室,武汉430065 [2]十堰市职业病防治院,十堰442000

出　　处：《中华劳动卫生职业病杂志》2022年第4期271-275,共5页Chinese Journal of Industrial Hygiene and Occupational Diseases

基　　金：湖北省卫生健康委科研立项项目(WJ2019M046);职业危害识别与控制湖北省重点实验室开放基金项目(OHIC2020Y04)。

摘　　要：目的探索三种职业健康风险评估方法对某汽车铸造企业噪声暴露岗位职业健康风险评估的适用性。方法于2020年7月,选择某汽车铸造企业,分别运用WS/T 754-2016《噪声职业病危害风险管理指南》(简称指南法)、国际采矿与金属委员会职业健康风险评估指南(ICMM)赋值定量法(简称ICMM模型)和职业危害风险指数法(简称指数法)对该企业噪声暴露岗位进行风险评估,并对其结果进行分析比较。结果经职业卫生现场调查,该企业主要岗位噪声暴露水平80.3~94.8 dB(A),其中落砂、清理、造型岗位噪声>85 dB(A);经三种方法评估各岗位噪声风险,指南法评估结果显示调整风险等级2~5级,指数法评估为2和3级,ICMM模型判定均为5级。结论三种风险评估法对该企业噪声暴露岗位进行风险评估时各有优缺点。ICMM模型赋值差距较大,评估结果偏高;指南法与指数法评估结果在部分岗位的一致性较好,指数法评价时存在一定主观性,指南法较为客观。Objective To explore the applicability of three different kinds of noise occupational health risk assessment methods to the occupational health risk assessment of noise exposed positions in an automobile foundry enterprise.Methods In July 2020,the occupational-health risk assessment of noise-exposed positions was conducted by using the Guidelines for risk management of occupational noise hazard(guideline method),the International Commission on Mining and Metals Guidelines for Occupational Health Risk Assessment(ICMM)method and the Occupational-health risk index method(index method)respectively,and the results were analyzed and compared.Results Through the occupational health field investigation,the noise exposure level of the enterprise's main workstations was between 80.3 and 94.8 dB(A),among which the noise of the posts of shaking-sand,cleaning and modeling was greater than 85 dB(A);The noise risk of each position was evaluated by the three methods,and the adjustment risk level was between 2 and 5 assessed using the guideline method,between 2 and 3 assessed using the index method,and 5 evaluated using the ICMM model.Conclusion Each of the three risk assessment methods has its own advantages and disadvantages.The ICMM model has a large difference in value assignment,and values in the results are larger than expected.The evaluation results of the guideline method and the index method are consistent in some positions,there is certain subjectivity in the evaluation using the index method,and the guideline method is more objective.

关 键 词：风险评估 噪声 职业性 汽车铸造 

分 类 号：R135.8[医药卫生—劳动卫生]