黏土矿物在铀矿采冶及富铀环境治理过程中的作用  

Role of Clay Minerals in Uranium Mining and Metallurgy and Uranium Rich Environment Treatment

作　　者：赵凯 黎广荣[1,2] 孙占学[1] 刘金辉[1] 周义朋[1] 徐玲玲[1] ZHAO Kai;LI Guang-rong;SUN Zhan-xue;LIU Jin-hui;ZHOU Yi-peng;XU Ling-ling(State Key Laboratory of Uranium Resources and Environment,East China University of Technology,Nanchang 330013,China;State Key Laboratory of Metallogenic Mechanism of Endogenetic Metal Deposits,Nanjing University,Nanjing 210093,China)

机构地区：[1]东华理工大学核资源与环境国家重点实验室,南昌330013 [2]南京大学内生金属矿床成矿机制研究国家重点实验室,南京210093

出　　处：《有色金属（冶炼部分）》2022年第5期111-120,共10页Nonferrous Metals（Extractive Metallurgy)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(42072285,41772266)。

摘　　要：黏土矿物广泛存在于铀矿石中,具有层间离子交换容量大、层间电荷高、片层径厚比和比表面积大等特征,在整个铀生产过程中有不可忽视的影响。黏土矿物颗粒细小,遇水膨胀,会造成采冶系统的堵塞,对铀矿浸出产生不利影响。同时利用黏土矿物对各种金属离子、放射性金属、原油及有机质的强吸附作用,可对采铀过程造成的污染,包括铀元素的泄漏,以及其他重金属如铅、铜、镉污染进行治理。当前黏土矿物的利用主要集中在实验室研究层面,缺乏大规模应用。今后研究应用过程中,需要进一步探究铀矿浸出过程中黏土的产生机理,避免浸矿过程中大量黏土的生成,并扩大黏土在矿山环境修复方面的使用范围,在铀矿山环境修复过程中可以考虑有效利用地层中广泛存在的黏土矿物,对铀矿开采过程中造成的环境污染开展原位修复。Clay minerals widely exist in uranium ores.They have the characteristics of big interlayer ion exchange capacity,high interlayer charge,high slice diameter thickness ratio and specific surface area,which can’t be ignored in the whole process of uranium production.Clay mineral particles are fine and can expand with water,which will block the mining and smelting system and have an adverse impact on uranium leaching.On the other hand,Applying the ability of strong adsorption of clay minerals on various metal ions,radioactive metals,crude oil and organic matter,it can control the pollution caused by uranium mining,including leakage of uranium elements and other heavy metals such as lead,copper and cadmium.At present,the utilization of clay minerals is mainly focused on laboratory research and lacks large-scale application.In the process of research and application in the future,the application scope of clay in mine environmental remediation can be expanded.In the process of future research and application,it is necessary to further explore the generation mechanism of clay in the process of uranium leaching,avoid the generation of a large amount of clay in the process of leaching,and expand the application scope of clay in mine environmental remediation.In the process of environmental remediation of uranium mines,effective utilization of clay minerals widely existing in the stratum can be considered to carry out in-situ remediation of environmental pollution caused by uranium mining.

关 键 词：黏土矿物 矿山污染 吸附 环境修复 

分 类 号：TL212.12[核科学技术—核燃料循环与材料] P619.231[天文地球—矿床学]